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Mechanisms
› Muscarinic antagonist
Muscarinic antagonist
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Muscarinic antagonist (1/4)
Confusion, memory problems
Increased dementia risk with chronic anticholinergic burden
Dry mouth < M3
Possible sedative effects
Anti-parkinsonian, treatment of EPS
➔ rationale: EPS occurs when the balance between dopaminergic and cholinergic activity is disrupted
Increased heart rate
➔ M2 blockade at SA node → removal of vagal tone
Muscarinic antagonist (2/4)
Medications for overactive bladder (OAB)
Mydriasis (dilated pupils) and cycloplegia
Bronchodilation
Muscarinic antagonist (3/4)
Decreased gastric acid secretion
➔ older antimuscarinics were used for peptic ulcer disease in the pre-PPI era
Dry mouth
Decreased bowel motility → constipation
May impair pancreatic insulin release and worsen glucose regulation
Increased striatal dopamine signaling
➔ may contribute to anti-parkinsonian effects (M1 predominant)
➔ possible contributor to anticholinergic delirium
Muscarinic antagonist (4/4)
No selective M4 antagonist is available
No established effects attributable to selective M5 blockade
Drugs with this mechanism (68)
Aclidinium
Loxapine inhaled
Amitriptyline
Atropine
Atropine eyedrops
Benztropine
Brompheniramine
Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine ER capsules
Chlorpheniramine
Chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine injection
Clomipramine
Clozapine
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclopentolate
Cyproheptadine
Darifenacin
Desipramine
Desmethyl clomipramine
Dicyclomine
Dimenhydrinate
Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine injection
Disopyramide
Doxepin
Doxylamine
Carbamazepine ER (Equetro)
Clozapine ODT
5-HMT
Glycopyrrolate
Glycopyrrolate inhaled
Hyoscyamine
Imipramine
Ipratropium
Ipratropium nasal
Loxapine
Maprotiline
Nordoxepin
Norquetiapine
Nortriptyline
Olanzapine
Olanzapine IM
Olanzapine pamoate LAI
Orphenadrine
Oxybutynin
Oxybutynin ER
Paroxetine
Paroxetine CR
Perphenazine
Prochlorperazine
Promethazine
Promethazine injection
Protriptyline
Revefenacin
Scopolamine
Doxepin low-dose (insomnia)
Solifenacin
Carbamazepine XR
Thioridazine
Tiotropium
Tolterodine
Trihexyphenidyl
Trimipramine
Tropicamide
Trospium
Umeclidinium
Clozapine oral suspension
All mechanisms
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