Sleep-wake disorders

Treat the specific sleep disorder—not “sleep” generically
Insomnia: CBT-I is foundational
Excessive sleepiness: treat sleep debt/OSA first
Circadian disorders need timed light/melatonin
Narcolepsy/hypersomnia may need wake agents/oxybate
Sedatives can worsen breathing and next-day function

Use at a glance

Treat the specific sleep disorder—not “sleep” generically

Practical pearls

Insomnia: CBT-I is foundational

Other practical pearls

Excessive sleepiness: treat sleep debt/OSA first
Circadian disorders need timed light/melatonin
Sedatives can worsen breathing and next-day function

Clinical pearls

Narcolepsy/hypersomnia may need wake agents/oxybate

Self-check

What should be treated in Sleep-wake disorders?
the specific sleep disorder—not “sleep” generically.
What is the first management step in Sleep-wake disorders?
Excessive sleepiness: treat sleep debt/OSA.

Drugs used for this (28)

Zolpidem ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Zolpidem — off-label

Temazepam ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Temazepam — off-label

Doxepin ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Doxepin — off-label

Eszopiclone ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Eszopiclone — off-label

Suvorexant ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Suvorexant — off-label

Ramelteon ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Ramelteon — off-label

Zaleplon ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Zaleplon — off-label

Triazolam ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Triazolam — off-label

Estazolam ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Estazolam — off-label

Diphenhydramine ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Diphenhydramine — off-label

Lemborexant ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Lemborexant — off-label

Daridorexant ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Daridorexant — off-label

Doxylamine ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Doxylamine — off-label

Flurazepam ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Flurazepam — off-label

Quazepam ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Quazepam — off-label

Trazodone ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Trazodone — off-label

Quetiapine ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Quetiapine — off-label

Mirtazapine ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Mirtazapine — off-label

Hydroxyzine ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Hydroxyzine — off-label

Melatonin ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Melatonin — off-label

GHB (Oxybate) ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — GHB (Oxybate) — off-label

Amphetamine ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Amphetamine — off-label

Dextroamphetamine ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Dextroamphetamine — off-label

Methylphenidate ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Methylphenidate — off-label

Modafinil ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Modafinil — off-label

Armodafinil ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Armodafinil — off-label

Solriamfetol ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Solriamfetol — off-label

Pitolisant ballicule — decagon mechanism diagram — Pitolisant — off-label

All clinical uses · Open the interactive console ↗