from valproate

What it is4-ene-valproic acid, a minor CYP-generated metabolite of valproate implicated in its idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.
Why it mattersEnzyme-inducing co-medication and very young age push valproate metabolism toward this pathway — the same variables that define the highest-risk group for fatal hepatotoxicity.
What it changesMechanistic explanation, not a lab test: no clinical assay tracks it. Manage risk by avoiding inducer polytherapy in young children.
NO BOXED WARNINGS
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