1950–2026: an expanded, curated cohort of U.S. medicines and formulations eventually withdrawn or commercially discontinued. Early bars are a user-supplied historical reconstruction, with blank prescription counts and approximate years. Confirmed annual MEPS counts are retained where available. Provisional end dates and brand/formulation limits appear in Inspect. This is not a census of all withdrawals or proof of precise historical ranks.
Exenatide is held out pending verification of the supplied ingredient-wide discontinuation claim; its pooled volumes cannot stand in for one stopped brand. Consequently2006–2020 contain15 bars; subsequent years thin as products leave the market.2026 retains alosetron and fenfluramine, both returned medicines. Low-volume entries remain visible.
Sulfonylurea. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2009. Obsolete sulfonylurea; adoption and final-sales endpoint approximate. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
GLP-1 receptor agonist. Supplied chronology: commercial; 2018-07-31. Commercial discontinuation; no safety-removal claim. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
5-HT3 antagonist. Withdrawn November 2000 after ischemic colitis and severe constipation; reintroduced November 2002 under risk management. This was a temporary withdrawal, not permanent ingredient disappearance.
Generic: 2015 (oral tablets; Roxane launch May)
GAO drug withdrawal chronology, 2001
Original postmarketing study: U.S. reintroduction November 2002
Roxane supplier announcement reported May 28, 2015: shipping nationwide
Pyrazolone analgesic. Supplied chronology: safety; ~1964. FDA required an NDA in 1964 and none were filed. 1964 is the modeled end of routine use; 1977 is a later regulatory citation, not an assumed 1977 sales peak. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
H1 antihistamine. Withdrawn June 18, 1999 for serious cardiac arrhythmias.
Generic availability unverified; no assumed launch year
NSAID. Withdrawal/discontinuation context: safety; 1982-08-05. Brief 1982 US launch; modeled annual prescriptions are not the separate UK prescription total.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Hepatitis C protease inhibitor. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2015. Obsolete hepatitis C agent; endpoint approximate. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
NSAID. Oral Duract withdrawn June 22, 1998 for liver injury. Later ophthalmic bromfenac is excluded; the ingredient did not disappear from every route.
Generic availability unverified; no assumed launch year
Barbiturate hypnotic. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2019. Discontinued by FDA review in 2020; final routine sales year is modeled, not an exact FDA exit date. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Oral penicillin prodrug. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2008. Oral prodrug only; do not pool injectable carbenicillin. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Cephalosporin antibacterial. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2016. Oral cephalosporin; final supplier/year approximate. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Statin. Withdrawn August 8, 2001 because of rhabdomyolysis risk, especially with gemfibrozil.
Generic availability unverified; no assumed launch year
Sedative-hypnotic. Supplied chronology: commercial or regulatory; 2012. Manufactured products only; compounding after 2012 is excluded. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Sulfonylurea. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2019. Historical knots inherited as assumptions; final routine sales year uncertain. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
5-HT4 prokinetic. Routine sales ended July 14, 2000 for cardiac arrhythmias; investigational limited access followed. This is not an assertion that every subsequent use ceased.
Generic availability unverified; no assumed launch year
Fibrate. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2002. Commercial/obsolescence cohort; 1978 volume contextual anchor. Last-sales year estimated. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Aminopenicillin. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~1998. Oral aminopenicillin; last-sales year is modeled. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Hepatitis C NS5A inhibitor. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2019. US products only; continuing foreign generic use excluded. Final US sales year approximate. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Serotonergic anorectic. Withdrawn September 15, 1997 for heart-valve disease. Separate from fenfluramine and phentermine.
Generic availability unverified; no assumed launch year
Vitamin K antagonist. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2002. Obsolete oral anticoagulant; final-sales year is provisional. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2021-10-31. Older oral antiretroviral; final supplier/channel exit may differ from brand label. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Synthetic estrogen. Supplied chronology: commercial after safety restrictions; ~1997. All prescribed DES in this broad series; 1971 pregnancy restriction and 1975 high-dose withdrawal did not remove all formulations. Final manufactured-product endpoint approximate. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Nonbarbiturate hypnotic. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~1999. Obsolete hypnotic; model endpoint approximately 1999. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
GLP-1 receptor agonist. Excluded from the race pending verification of ingredient-wide U.S. discontinuation. The CSV pools immediate- and extended-release products; a discontinued brand cannot establish the status of the whole ingredient.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Pondimin weight-loss tablets withdrawn September 1997 for valve disease. Returned as Fintepla oral solution on July 27, 2020 for Dravet seizures; Lennox-Gastaut indication added 2022. Not a return of the weight-loss indication.
Historical class: anorectic. Returned class: antiseizure medicine. Early tablet generic-entry history unresolved; Fintepla oral solution is brand-only as of October 2026.
Return-era Rx counts are unknown. Blank-count bar sizes use an explicit low-confidence patient-uptake model; referrals are not prescription counts. No later uptake growth is invented.
Zogenix: initial U.S. commercial launch July 27, 2020
Zogenix: year-end 2020 U.S. patient uptake
Zogenix: year-end 2021 U.S. referrals
UCB: current U.S. Fintepla indications and availability
Nonbarbiturate hypnotic. Supplied chronology: obsolete; ~1993. Obsolete hypnotic; estimated market endpoint, not a claimed FDA safety-ban date. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Adrenergic-neuron blocker. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2002. Obsolete adrenergic-neuron blocker; final-sales year provisional. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Progestogen. Withdrawal/discontinuation context: efficacy; 2023-04-06. Manufactured Makena-era specialty-pharmacy fills only, including approved generics; exclude administrations billed only as medical benefits, earlier Delalutin and compounded preparations.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Topical actinic-keratosis treatment. Supplied chronology: commercial; 2020-12-31. US commercial-discontinuation notice; do not relabel the US action as the separate European safety suspension. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Long-acting insulin analog. Withdrawal/discontinuation context: commercial; 2024-12-31. US phaseout in 2024; supplied 2014–2020 series marked observed is preserved.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
ASHP insulin detemir discontinuation report, January 13, 2025
Irreversible nonselective MAOI. Supplied chronology: safety; 1961. Early tuberculosis use followed by antidepressant use; do not shift initial ingredient use to 1957. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Sympathomimetic/sedative/analgesic combination. Withdrawal/discontinuation context: regulatory unapproved; 2018-01-01. Unapproved combination removed from routine distribution; final 2018 count represents possible previously distributed stock. Prodrin caffeine combination excluded.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
GLP-1 receptor agonist. Supplied chronology: commercial; 2023. Single agent only; insulin-glargine/lixisenatide combination excluded. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Ophthalmic mast-cell stabilizer. Supplied chronology: commercial; 2025-01. Commercial/manufacturing discontinuation; stock expected through January 2025. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Fluoroquinolone. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2008. Oral fluoroquinolone; final-sales year provisional. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Carbacephem antibacterial. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2010. Oral carbacephem; multiple presentations discontinued. Final supplier exit remains approximate. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
5-HT2C agonist. FDA requested withdrawal February 13, 2020 after a trial found more cancers. The cached survey has no usable identified annual series; missing bars do not mean zero use.
Generic availability unverified; no assumed launch year
Phenothiazine antipsychotic. Withdrawal/discontinuation context: safety; 1970-05-28. Former phenothiazine antipsychotic; oral prescriptions only.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Barbiturate antiseizure drug. Supplied chronology: commercial or regulatory; 2012-03. Also called methylphenobarbital; separate from phenobarbital. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Pyrazolone analgesic. Withdrawal/discontinuation context: safety; 1977-06-27. US prescriptions only; continued use in other countries is outside this dataset.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Sedating H1 antihistamine. Supplied chronology: safety; 1979. Prescribed preparations only; OTC sleep-aid package sales excluded. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Nonbarbiturate hypnotic. Supplied chronology: abuse; 1983. Legitimate US prescription market only; later illicit use is excluded. Manufacturing stopped before 1984 Schedule I placement. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Quinolone antibacterial. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2012. Early oral quinolone; final-sales date approximate. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Anabolic androgen. Supplied chronology: safety efficacy; 2023. Legitimate prescribed products only; illicit bodybuilding use excluded. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Histone deacetylase inhibitor. Withdrawal/discontinuation context: confirmatory trial not completed; 2022-03-24. Oral specialty-pharmacy fills; US approval withdrawal after confirmatory study could not be completed.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Sedative-hypnotic. Supplied chronology: obsolete; ~2001. Obsolete manufactured outpatient product; precise last US sales year unresolved. This is a provisional chronology. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
CNS stimulant. Cylert and generic pemoline sales stopped in 2005 after liver-toxicity concerns.
Generic availability unverified; no assumed launch year
Barbiturate hypnotic. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~1999. Commercial oral solid products only; injectable drug, oral use of injectable solution, and compounding excluded. Last routine-sales year provisional. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Ergot dopamine agonist. Human products withdrawn March 29, 2007 for heart-valve damage; veterinary use is outside this graph.
Generic: 2003 (oral tablets; Teva launch January)
Analgesic combinations. Withdrawal/discontinuation context: safety; 1983-11-04. Aggregate of prescribed phenacetin combinations, not OTC packages; original phenacetin formulations only.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Biguanide. Withdrawal/discontinuation context: safety; 1977-07. Market suspension/removal in 1977; later legal approval withdrawal is not plotted as continued routine use. Routine removal in 1977 differs from final NDA withdrawal in 1978.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Sympathomimetic anorectic. Supplied chronology: obsolete; ~1997. Distinct from phendimetrazine, which was not withdrawn. Final-sales endpoint is approximate. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
NSAID. Supplied chronology: obsolete with safety concerns; ~2003. Human prescriptions only. New-prescription figures were not confused with total fills. US final-sales endpoint remains approximate. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Sympathomimetic-containing combinations. Supplied chronology: safety; 2000-11-06. Aggregate prescribed PPA-containing products only; OTC decongestants and appetite-suppressant sales excluded. Modern reformulated brands are not counted. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Lipid-lowering antioxidant. Supplied chronology: commercial; 1995. US commercial discontinuation, not global ingredient disappearance. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Opioid analgesic. Ingredient-wide withdrawal in November 2010 for potentially fatal cardiac rhythm effects; this was not just the Darvon brand disappearing.
Generic: 1973 (hydrochloride; napsylate first launch unresolved)
FDA propoxyphene withdrawal notice, 2011
aaiPharma annual report: Darvon generic 1973; Darvocet generics by 1985
Opioid/acetaminophen analgesic. All propoxyphene products, including generics, were withdrawn in November 2010 because of potentially fatal cardiac rhythm effects.
Generic sold by 1985; first launch year unverified
FDA propoxyphene withdrawal notice, 2011
aaiPharma annual report: Darvon generic 1973; Darvocet generics by 1985
Opioid/aspirin/caffeine analgesic. Included in the November 2010 ingredient-wide propoxyphene withdrawal for cardiac rhythm risks. Separate from the acetaminophen combination.
Generic launch year unverified for this exact combination
FDA propoxyphene withdrawal notice, 2011
Tax Court findings: generic propoxyphene and aspirin compound sales in 1973
H2-receptor blocker. NDMA impurity concerns prompted withdrawal in April 2020. Reformulated tablets were approved November 24, 2025; new dispensing counts and launch timing are not established here. Zantac 360 contains famotidine, not ranitidine.
Generic: 1997 (original oral products)
FDA ranitidine withdrawal, April 1, 2020
COX-2 selective NSAID. Withdrawn September 30, 2004 after evidence of increased cardiovascular events.
Generic availability unverified; no assumed launch year
Barbiturate hypnotic. Withdrawal/discontinuation context: commercial; 2022-01. Oral capsules; injectable barbiturates and combination products are excluded.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
ASHP supplier report: secobarbital capsules discontinued January 2022
Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Removed in October 2010 because of cardiovascular risk.
Generic availability unverified; no assumed launch year
Hepatitis C protease inhibitor. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2018. Obsolete hepatitis C agent; US final-sales endpoint approximate. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2020. Capsule and solution suppliers phased out at different times; final routine year estimated. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Sulfonamide antibacterial. Supplied chronology: commercial; 1990-12. Manufactured product; later compounding is excluded. Sulfasalazine is separate. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Sulfonamide antibacterial. Withdrawal/discontinuation context: safety; 1970-09-28. Oral prescribed products; vaginal formulations are excluded.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Uricosuric. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2002. Older uricosuric; exact final-sales endpoint unresolved. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Sulfonamide antibacterial. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2018. Single-agent oral products; erythromycin combinations excluded. Last-sales endpoint provisional. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
NSAID. Withdrawal/discontinuation context: safety; 1987-05. Oral product only; ophthalmic suprofen is not included.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Hepatitis C protease inhibitor. Supplied chronology: commercial; 2014. Hepatitis C treatment courses produce several fills; numbers are fills, not courses. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Ketolide antibacterial. Supplied chronology: commercial after safety restrictions; ~2016. Commercial exit followed restricted use; exact final-sales year provisional. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
H1 antihistamine. Withdrawn in February 1998 for dangerous cardiac arrhythmias and drug interactions; generic terfenadine also left the market.
Generic availability unverified; no assumed launch year
Antihistamine/decongestant. Seldane-D was withdrawn with terfenadine in February 1998 for cardiac rhythm risk. This does not represent pseudoephedrine alone.
Generic availability unverified; no assumed launch year
Sulfonylurea. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2021. US unavailability verified; precise final sales year modeled. Supplied introduction date is also approximate. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Sulfonylurea. Supplied chronology: commercial; 2021-09-30. Historical knots inherited as model assumptions, not observations; manufacturer label supplies 2021 end date. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Oxazolidinedione antiseizure drug. Supplied chronology: commercial; ~2017. Older absence-seizure drug; endpoint provisional. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
Thiazolidinedione. Withdrawn March 2000 after serious and sometimes fatal liver injury.
Generic availability unverified; no assumed launch year
Fluoroquinolone. Supplied chronology: severe restriction then discontinuation; ~1999. Routine outpatient series ends with 1999 severe restrictions. This is not a claim that every restricted-access product disappeared in 1999. Final sales year is provisional.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
COX-2 selective NSAID. Withdrawn April 2005 following cardiovascular and serious skin-reaction concerns.
Generic availability unverified; no assumed launch year
Hemoglobin S polymerization inhibitor. Supplied chronology: safety; 2024-09-25. Specialty-pharmacy fills; not number of tablets or patients. Supporting source key supplied; date not independently verified in this release.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
NSAID. Withdrawal/discontinuation context: safety; 1983-03. 1983 annual total is partial-year; volumes are modeled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unverified
The uploaded file supplies 16 modeled candidates per year, not a complete ranked universe. Its annual values are reproducible input assumptions; the original model knots, bibliography and validation of its low-confidence figures were not supplied. We do not relabel them as measured prescriptions. Historical reconstruction and unverified reported anchors have blank count labels. Existing supported MEPS values replace rounded copies; reliable antibacterial MEPS counts replace unsupported guesses for matching oral ingredients. Detemir values match the raw national backbone, but labels remain blank because its survey variance has not been calculated. Adjacent annual sizes interpolate; an outgoing candidate holds its last annual size until the next year. No invented zero volumes or interpolation across missing years. A year marked ~ has no supported visible numeric counts. Rank order may differ slightly from the CSV when better source values replace estimates. Withdrawal and final-sale dates are distinct. All source assumptions, original CSV, prior release and merge audit are saved in the project.
Annual bars thin at the end of each product episode. No numeric volumes are asserted for the reconstructed extension. Detemir2021–2024 sizes use the same national MEPS backbone; their labels remain blank because variance is unresolved. Other surviving2020 entries use a damped2018–2020 relative-size trend and an explicit fraction for the terminal year. A final-year bar represents that year's aggregate, not availability on every day. Source dates and modeled stock exhaustion are distinct. No invented zero prescriptions.
Alosetron is one return: withdrawn2000, returned2002, and currently listed by a U.S. supplier. Its unquantified bar persists alongside Fintepla through2026; this graph covers medicines ever withdrawn, including temporary withdrawals. Original ranitidine remains scoped to its withdrawn products. Fenfluramine now includes its return as Fintepla for seizures in 2020. Exenatide remains excluded pending scope verification.
Secobarbital (oral): Sole oral-capsule supplier stopped January2022. One-month terminal activity is a model convention, not measured dispensing.
Tolbutamide: Mylan marketing end September30,2021; final nationwide stock exhaustion unresolved.
Tolazamide: Supplied provisional2021 final-sales year retained; exact final supplier date unresolved.
Didanosine: Supplied provisionalOctober2021 endpoint retained; brand/formulation and final channel dates can differ.
Insulin detemir: U.S. Levemir phaseout completed at end2024; no new2025/26 routine-market bar.
Oxandrolone: FDA withdrew Oxandrin and four generic approvals June28,2023; legitimate prescription products only.
Lodoxamide (ophthalmic): Discontinuation notice reported short-dated stock throughJanuary2025; no2026 bar.
Alosetron: Returned November2002; current U.S. supplier listing remains.2021–2026 bars retain the2020 relative size, with no numeric count claim. Never force a false2026 withdrawal.
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Makena era): Makena and approved generics withdrawn April6,2023; compounding and earlier Delalutin outside this series.
Lixisenatide (single agent): Single-agent Adlyxin distribution ended2023; remaining-stock dispensing through reported expiry is modeled. Combination product excluded.
Panobinostat: Farydak approval withdrawn March24,2022; model does not claim every patient stopped that day.
Voxelotor: All Oxbryta lots withdrawn September25,2024. No routine-market bars after2024.
Lifestar Pharma: U.S. alosetron product catalog
FDA: Oxandrin and four generic approvals withdrawn June28,2023
Pfizer: worldwide Oxbryta withdrawal September25,2024
MC-Rx January2025 report quoting Novartis discontinuation notice
FDA discontinued biologic product list: Adlyxin
Washington DUR meeting February28,2024: Adlyxin distribution and expiry
Oral-focused systemic antibacterial outpatient fills, all indications. All brands and generics combined; brand labels identify historical products. National MEPS survey estimates through 2024, damped-trend projections for 2025–2026. Missing and sparse records remain unknown. A missing $ does not establish generic availability.
Penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitor combination. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitor combination. Fixed combination; counted once, separately from amoxicillin. Generic marker refers to conventional oral products, not all later extended-release formulations.
Generic: 2002 (oral conventional-release products)
Penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitor combination. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic sold by 1966; earliest year unverified
Macrolides and ketolide. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2005 (oral conventional-release products)
Penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitor combination. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
No supported annual bar in this extraction; this does not mean zero prescriptions.
Cephalosporins and carbacephem. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic sold by 1995; earliest commercial year unverified
Cephalosporins and carbacephem. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 1989 (oral conventional-release products)
FTC, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1, printed page 39
Cephalosporins and carbacephem. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2007 (oral conventional-release products)
Cephalosporins and carbacephem. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Cephalosporins and carbacephem. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Cephalosporins and carbacephem. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2004 (oral product; cefuroxime refers to axetil, not IV sodium)
Kallberg et al., Nature Communications 2021, supplementary table 1
Cephalosporins and carbacephem. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2005 (oral product; cefuroxime refers to axetil, not IV sodium)
Kallberg et al., Nature Communications 2021, supplementary table 1
Cephalosporins and carbacephem. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Cephalosporins and carbacephem. Oral-focused cefuroxime, predominantly axetil. The 2002 generic marker does not describe earlier injectable sodium products.
Generic: 2002 (oral product; cefuroxime refers to axetil, not IV sodium)
Kallberg et al., Nature Communications 2021, supplementary table 1
Cephalosporins and carbacephem. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 1987 (oral conventional-release products)
FTC, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1, printed page 39
Cephalosporins and carbacephem. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Amphenicol. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
No supported annual bar in this extraction; this does not mean zero prescriptions.
Fluoroquinolones. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2003 (oral conventional-release products)
Barr 2005 annual report: authorized ciprofloxacin distribution began June 9, 2003
Macrolides and ketolide. Generic marker uses immediate-release entry; extended-release formulations had a different entry history.
Generic: 2005 (oral conventional-release products)
Abbott 2005 annual report: immediate-release generics launched May 2005
Lincosamide. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 1987 (oral conventional-release products)
FTC, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1, printed page 39
Fluoroquinolones. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
No supported annual bar in this extraction; this does not mean zero prescriptions.
Tetracyclines. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2004 (oral conventional-release products)
No supported annual bar in this extraction; this does not mean zero prescriptions.
Kallberg et al., Nature Communications 2021, supplementary table 1
Penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitor combination. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Macrolides and ketolide. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Tetracyclines. Oral salts and release forms are pooled; branded reformulations do not represent separate ingredients.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Macrolides and ketolide. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic sold by 1966; earliest year unverified
Macrolide/sulfonamide combination. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Phosphonic-acid antibacterial. Oral fosfomycin; newer intravenous products are outside this graph.
Generic: 2020 (oral conventional-release products)
No supported annual bar in this extraction; this does not mean zero prescriptions.
Xiromed October 6, 2020: first generic oral fosfomycin launch
Fluoroquinolones. Systemic Tequin marketing ended June 2006; later eye drops are excluded.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Fluoroquinolones. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
No supported annual bar in this extraction; this does not mean zero prescriptions.
Fluoroquinolones. Raxar was removed for cardiac risk; disappearance of a sampled bar is not itself a dated withdrawal record.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Fluoroquinolones. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2011 (oral conventional-release products)
Lupin June 22, 2011: generic levofloxacin shipments commenced
Lincosamide. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
No supported annual bar in this extraction; this does not mean zero prescriptions.
Oxazolidinone. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2015 (oral conventional-release products)
No supported annual bar in this extraction; this does not mean zero prescriptions.
Camber December 21, 2015: generic linezolid tablets launched
Fluoroquinolones. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
No supported annual bar in this extraction; this does not mean zero prescriptions.
Cephalosporins and carbacephem. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Nitroimidazole. Systemic oral use across all indications; vaginal and skin products are excluded.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Tetracyclines. Generic marker uses conventional oral capsules; later extended-release products are not assigned the same launch.
Generic: 1990 (oral conventional-release products)
FTC, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1, printed page 39
Fluoroquinolones. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2014 (oral conventional-release products)
Dr. Reddy manufacturer release: generic moxifloxacin tablets launched March 4, 2014
Nitrofuran urinary antibacterial. Macrobid and macrocrystal/suspension forms are pooled. The 2004 Macrobid-type generic launch is verified; earliest generic for the whole ingredient is unresolved.
Generic: first aggregate year unverified; Macrobid-type capsules launched 2004
Mylan 2005 annual report: Macrobid generic launched March 2004
Fluoroquinolones. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Fluoroquinolones. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2003 (oral product; cefuroxime refers to axetil, not IV sodium)
Kallberg et al., Nature Communications 2021, supplementary table 1
Tetracyclines. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
No supported annual bar in this extraction; this does not mean zero prescriptions.
Penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitor combination. Penicillin V plus historical unspecified penicillin records; not all penicillin-class drugs. This grouping prevents a coding change from appearing as a sudden switch.
Generic sold by 1973; earliest year unverified
Tetracyclines. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
No supported annual bar in this extraction; this does not mean zero prescriptions.
Fluoroquinolones. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
No supported annual bar in this extraction; this does not mean zero prescriptions.
Sulfonamides, trimethoprim and combinations. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Sulfonamides, trimethoprim and combinations. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Sulfonamides, trimethoprim and combinations. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole fixed combination; counted once. All indications are included.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Sulfonamides, trimethoprim and combinations. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Oxazolidinone. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
No supported annual bar in this extraction; this does not mean zero prescriptions.
Macrolides and ketolide. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Tetracyclines. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic sold by 1966; earliest year unverified
Nitroimidazole. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Sulfonamides, trimethoprim and combinations. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
Macrolides and ketolide. Oral-focused outpatient fills, all indications and manufacturers combined. Brand label is a historical identifier, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
No supported annual bar in this extraction; this does not mean zero prescriptions.
Fluoroquinolones. Distribution restricted to inpatient facilities in June 1999; later inpatient use is outside this outpatient graph.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unverified
MEPS covers the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. This is not a census of all U.S. dispensing. Non-systemic route labels and explicitly nonoral dosage forms are excluded; unresolved forms remain included and audited. Penicillin V and historical unspecified penicillin records are pooled. Counts use person weights over distinct fill events. Numeric counts require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE ≤30%; approximate counts require at least 15 and RSE ≤30%; blank-count bars require at least 10 and RSE ≤50%. These are project display rules. The variance approximation uses the prescribed-medicine PSU universe, not the full household universe. Penicillin support uses a conservative person-count lower bound and sum-of-SE upper bound. Adjacent annual values interpolate; unknown next years hold the previous value with an approximate label. No interpolation across missing years. The 2025–26 forecast uses 2022–24 annual growth capped at −20%/+35%, with 75%/50% damping; unreliable 2022 means a flat carry-forward. Only reliable 2024 bases are projected. New-launch adoption and future disruptions are unmodeled. Earlier annual counts and reliable series for rare/new products are not established.
All-indication oral outpatient prescriptions for blood-pressure drug families and fixed combinations. Not hypertension-only use. Brand labels are historical identifiers. Annual MEPS1996–2024; ~2025–2026 projections. Unknown volumes remain unknown. A missing $ does not prove generic availability.
Beta blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Renin inhibitor. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 2019 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: 1989 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
Calcium blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 2007 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Mylan launches amlodipine besylate tablets and triggers exclusivity
Fixed combinations. Fixed blood-pressure/lipid combination; each prescription counted once, not credited again to either component.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: 2007 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: 2016 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: 2016 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Endothelin blocker. Tryvio commercially available October2024. No supported national annual fill total or adoption model: catalog only, not zero prescriptions.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Beta blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 1991 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
ARBs. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 2004 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: 2004 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Beta blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Beta blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
ARBs. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 2013 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: 2012 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Beta blockers. Immediate/extended-release forms pooled; generic year refers to original tablets, not Coreg CR.
Generic: 2007 (immediate-release tablets; Coreg CR differs)
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Central agents. Oral immediate/extended-release products pooled, including non-hypertension uses. Patches excluded. The generic date is for original tablets, not later extended-release forms.
Generic: 1986 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Calcium blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest pooled year unverified; Dilacor XR-type1997, Cardizem CD-type1999, Tiazac-type2003
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Alpha blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
ARBs. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Calcium blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Central agents. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Central agents. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Central agents. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Central agents. Immediate/extended-release oral products pooled, including ADHD use. Tenex is a representative historical identifier; this is not hypertension-only dispensing.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Vasodilators. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: 2012 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: 2002 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: 2010 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Teva second-quarter 2010 report confirms generic Cozaar launch
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: 2016 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: 1987 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: 2012 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
ARBs. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 2012 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Calcium blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Beta blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 2002 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
ARBs. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 2010 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Teva second-quarter 2010 report confirms generic Cozaar launch
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Central agents. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Beta blockers. Tartrate and succinate, immediate/extended release pooled. Lopressor is a representative historical label; counts are not Lopressor-only. Earliest generic date for the whole pooled ingredient remains unverified.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Vasodilators. Oral fills across indications, including hair-loss prescribing. Topical minoxidil excluded.
Generic: 1987 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Beta blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Beta blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 2021 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Calcium blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Calcium blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 1990 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
Calcium blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
ARBs. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 2016 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Beta blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Alpha blockers. Alpha blocker used in pheochromocytoma; included in the historical FDA blood-pressure catalog.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Beta blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Alpha blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 1989 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
Beta blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 1985 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 2004 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 2007 (capsules; later tablet formulation differs)
Central agents. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
ARBs. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 2014 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Alpha blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 1999 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Beta blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 1989 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Diuretics. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
ARBs. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 2014 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Calcium blockers. All-indication oral outpatient fills; all brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand label does not imply brand-specific counts.
Generic: 1986 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population; no inpatient administrations. Eye drops, skin products, injections and patches excluded; unresolved forms retained and audited. No combination fill also credited to components. Numeric labels require at least30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least10 and RSE≤50%. Below these screens remains unknown. Domain-total variance uses the positive-weight prescribed-medicine PSU universe before oral exclusions; it is not the complete household survey universe, so RSE is approximate. No statistical rank-significance claim. Adjacent annual estimates animate linearly; missing next years hold the prior estimate until the next annual boundary, then disappear as unknown. Only reliable2024 bases are projected:2022–24 growth clipped to−20%/+35%, damped75% then50%; missing reliable2022 base means flat carry-forward. No invented new-launch volumes. Earlier class-wide ranks are not yet established. Exact generic years require commercial-entry evidence; unresolved years remain open research tasks.
All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills, including pain, anxiety and mood uses. Oral and identifiable noninjectable rescue products; no hospital administrations. Annual MEPS1996–2024; ~2025–2026 projections. Brand labels are historical identifiers. Missing counts remain unknown; a missing $ does not prove generic availability.
Other mechanisms. Epilepsy adjunct also used for glaucoma, edema and altitude illness; all indications included.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
SV2A ligands. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Other mechanisms. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Sodium-channel agents. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 1986 (conventional oral product; later release and rescue formulations differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, Table1 printedp39
Multiple mechanisms. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Benzodiazepines. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2018 (tablets and oral suspension; Sympazan film differs)
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Benzodiazepines. Includes panic, anxiety and other non-seizure uses. Tablets and orally disintegrating forms pooled.
Generic: 1996 (conventional tablets; later orally disintegrating tablets differ)
Benzodiazepines. Seizure adjunct with substantial non-seizure use; all indications included.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Benzodiazepines. Oral and identified outpatient rectal/nasal rescue forms pooled across indications. Valium is a representative historical label; Diastat/Valtoco are distinct formulations with later generic histories.
Generic: 1985 (conventional oral product; later release and rescue formulations differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, Table1 printedp39
Multiple mechanisms. Divalproex release forms pooled; valproic acid remains a separate survey entity. Includes bipolar and migraine uses; no double counting.
Generic: 2008 (delayed-release tablets; extended-release and sprinkles have separate launch histories)
Sodium-channel agents. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2025 (tablets; verified first-filer commercial entry year, not2023 label listing)
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Succinimides. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Sodium-channel agents. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Other mechanisms. Afinitor Disperz seizure indication added2018. Catalog only; no reliable formulation-specific national annual series. Ordinary oncology/transplant tablets not relabeled as seizure prescriptions.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Other mechanisms. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Multiple mechanisms. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic available by2016; earliest U.S. year unresolved
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Other mechanisms. Only antiseizure era from2020. Earlier weight-loss prescriptions excluded. No reliable national annual Rx series; no invented count from patient/referral data.
Fintepla oral solution: brand-only in2020–2026. Historical weight-loss tablet generic date remains unknown; that earlier formulation is excluded here.
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
GAO drug withdrawal chronology, 2001
FDA Fintepla clinical review: 1997 withdrawal and 2020 epilepsy indication
Zogenix 2020 annual report: U.S. Fintepla launch July 2020
Gabapentinoids. Includes pain and other non-seizure uses. Immediate/extended-release gabapentin pooled; enacarbil prodrug excluded.
Generic: 2004 (immediate-release capsules/tablets; Gralise differs; gabapentin enacarbil excluded)
GABA enhancers. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Sodium-channel agents. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2022 (immediate-release tablets; later extended-release and liquid launches differ)
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Sodium-channel agents. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2005 (chewable/dispersible tablets 2005; conventional tablets 2008; XR/ODT have separate entries)
U.S. District Court March 22, 2016 opinion; lamotrigine commercial history
SV2A ligands. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2008 (conventional tablets; later XR/dispersible formulations differ)
Benzodiazepines. Includes anxiety and other non-seizure uses. Pharmacy-dispensed noninjectable products only; hospital status-epilepticus administrations excluded.
Generic: 1985 (conventional oral product; later release and rescue formulations differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, Table1 printedp39
Sodium-channel agents. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Barbiturates. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Succinimides. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Benzodiazepines. Noninjectable pharmacy fills across indications; Versed historical oral products and Nayzilam nasal rescue pooled where identified. Hospital procedural injections excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Sodium-channel agents. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2007 (immediate-release tablets; Oxtellar XR differs)
Other mechanisms. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
AMPA antagonist. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Barbiturates. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Sodium-channel agents. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Gabapentinoids. Includes neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia uses; not epilepsy-only prescriptions. Release formulations pooled.
Generic: 2019 (immediate-release capsules; Lyrica CR differs)
Barbiturates. Includes essential-tremor and other non-seizure prescriptions.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Sodium-channel agents. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2020 (oral suspension2020; tablets2021)
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
GABA enhancers. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
GABA enhancers. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Multiple mechanisms. Includes migraine and other non-seizure use. Phentermine/topiramate obesity combination excluded; no component duplication.
Generic: 2009 (immediate-release tablets; later extended-release launches differ)
Other mechanisms. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Multiple mechanisms. Separate from divalproex sodium in the survey crosswalk. All indications included.
Generic: 1986 (conventional oral product; later release and rescue formulations differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, Table1 printedp39
GABA enhancers. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2017 (powder for oral solution2017; tablets2019)
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Multiple mechanisms. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. shipment year unresolved; December2005 immediate-shipment announcement needs confirmation
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Noninjectable pharmacy fills, with unresolved forms retained and audited. Numeric labels: at least30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels: at least15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels: at least10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells remain unknown. Domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household sample; RSE is approximate and ranks are not statistically significant comparisons. Adjacent annual estimates interpolate; missing next years hold the prior annual estimate until the next boundary. Reliable2024 bases alone are projected, using2022–24 growth clipped to−20%/+35%, damped75% then50%; an unavailable reliable2022 baseline means flat carry-forward. Pre1996 class rankings remain unestablished. Divalproex and valproic acid are separate survey entities. Fenfluramine weight-loss era and non-seizure fixed combinations excluded. Generic markers use earliest verified entry for a pooled ingredient, not a claim every later formulation is generic. Unknown dates remain open research tasks.
Outpatient oral drugs and pharmacy-dispensed self-injections; no clinician-administered infusions or injections. Prescription omega-3 products only; ambiguous fish oil excluded. Annual MEPS1996–2024; ~2025–2026 projections. Brand labels are historical identifiers. Missing counts remain unknown; a missing $ does not prove generic availability.
PCSK9 inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
No FDA-approved biosimilar identified through October2026; brand-only PCSK9 injection. No forecast generic launch date.
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
FDA complete approved biosimilar product table, checked October22,2026
Fixed combinations. Fixed combination for blood pressure and lipids; counted once, not added to component totals.
Generic: 2011 (fixed combination tablets)
Statins. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2011 (conventional oral tablets; later formulations differ)
Watson launches authorized generic Lipitor and begins U.S. shipping
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
ACL inhibitor. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Statins. Baycol withdrawn in2001 following serious muscle injury concerns. Last eligible calendar year2001; no later bars.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Bile acid sequestrants. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fibrates. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Bile acid sequestrants. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2018 (tablets; suspension differs)
Bile acid sequestrants. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Other mechanisms. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
PCSK9 inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
No FDA-approved biosimilar identified through October2026; brand-only PCSK9 injection. No forecast generic launch date.
FDA complete approved biosimilar product table, checked October22,2026
Cholesterol absorption. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2016 (tablets)
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2017 (fixed combination tablets)
Fibrates. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic commercial entry year unresolved;2002 approval alone is not launch. Micronized capsules and later tablet formulations differ.
Fibrates. Fibricor tablets and Trilipix delayed-release capsules pooled. Authorized generic Fibricor launched2009; generic Trilipix capsules2013. Historical trade label is not the scope of the entire series.
Generic: 2009 (Fibricor authorized generic tablets2009; Trilipix DR capsules2013)
Statins. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2012 (IR capsules; XL differs)
Fibrates. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Prescription omega-3. Purified EPA prescription product; separate from mixed omega-3 ethyl esters.
Generic: 2020 (1g capsules;0.5g later)
PCSK9 inhibitors. Recent subcutaneous lipid therapy. Catalog only: reliable national annual prescription counts and uptake projections are unavailable; no invented bar from approval or revenue.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Other mechanisms. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Statins. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2001 (IR tablets; Altoprev ER differs)
Fixed combinations. Advicor fixed combination approval withdrawn in2016 for safety/effectiveness reasons. This does not mean its individual ingredients were withdrawn.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
FDA withdrawal of Advicor and Simcor approvals, April18,2016
Other mechanisms. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Niacin. All identified prescribed niacin fills, pooling release forms. NIASPAN is a representative ER brand; OTC purchases and niacinamide excluded. Earliest pooled generic year unresolved.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. Simcor fixed combination approval withdrawn in2016 for safety/effectiveness reasons. This does not mean its individual ingredients were withdrawn.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
FDA withdrawal of Advicor and Simcor approvals, April18,2016
APOC3 inhibitors. Recent subcutaneous lipid therapy. Catalog only: reliable national annual prescription counts and uptake projections are unavailable; no invented bar from approval or revenue.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Prescription omega-3. Only prescription Lovaza/Omacor or explicitly named omega-3 acid/ethyl ester records. Ambiguous fish-oil and supplement-like records excluded; this is not all omega-3 consumption.
Generic: 2014 (Lovaza-equivalent capsules)
Statins. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2023 (calcium tablets; magnesium brand differs)
APOC3 inhibitors. Recent subcutaneous lipid therapy. Catalog only: reliable national annual prescription counts and uptake projections are unavailable; no invented bar from approval or revenue.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Statins. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2006 (conventional oral tablets; later formulations differ)
Teva SEC report confirms April 2006 generic Pravachol commercial launch
Other mechanisms. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Statins. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2016 (conventional tablets)
Statins. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2006 (conventional oral tablets; later formulations differ)
Fixed combinations. Fixed combination for diabetes and lipids; counted once. Historical product identity does not imply current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Pharmacy fills including identifiable self-injections, with unresolved forms audited. Numeric labels: at least30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels: at least15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels: at least10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells remain unknown. Domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household sample; RSE is approximate and ranks are not statistically significant comparisons. Adjacent annual estimates interpolate; missing next years hold the prior annual estimate until the next boundary. Reliable2024 bases alone are projected, using2022–24 growth clipped to−20%/+35%, damped75% then50%; an unavailable reliable2022 baseline means flat carry-forward. Pre1996 class rankings remain unestablished. Fixed combinations are counted once, separately from components. Clinician-administered inclisiran and evinacumab, unlaunched Epanova/Omtryg and ambiguous fish-oil records are excluded. Generic markers use earliest verified entry for a pooled ingredient, not a claim every later formulation is generic. Unknown dates remain open research tasks.
Prescription NSAIDs, including aspirin and selected fixed combinations. Oral/systemic, topical, nasal and eye products are separated where identifiable. No OTC purchases or identified injectable products. Annual MEPS1996–2024; ~2025–2026 projections. Brand labels are historical identifiers. Missing counts remain unknown; a missing $ does not prove generic availability.
Salicylates. Prescribed aspirin fills for all indications, including antiplatelet use. OTC purchases are absent. Bayer is a historical identifier, not a brand-only count or availability claim.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its component ingredients. Historical brand label does not imply current brand availability; no component generic date substituted for the combination.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Historical NSAIDs. Historical Oraflex, briefly marketed in the U.S. in1982 before safety withdrawal. Catalog only; no invented1996–2026 bar.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Ophthalmic NSAIDs. Ophthalmic formulations only. Xibrom is representative; first generic0.09% twice-daily drops2011. Oral Duract withdrawal does not imply eye-drop withdrawal.
Generic: 2011 (0.09% twice-daily eye drops; other formulations differ)
Historical NSAIDs. Oral Duract withdrawn in1998 because of serious liver injury. No bars after1998. Ophthalmic bromfenac is a distinct product history.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
COX-2 inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2014 (capsules; oral solution differs)
Salicylates. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Salicylates. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Ophthalmic NSAIDs. Eye drops only; separate from oral and skin products. A generic formulation was recalled in1999. Earliest commercial entry and subsequent supply history remain unresolved.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. A generic eye-drop formulation was recalled in1999; resumption and supplier-specific dates remain open.
Johnson2011: central corneal melting with reformulated generic diclofenac
Johnson2011: central corneal melting with reformulated generic diclofenac
Acetic acids. Systemic oral/rectal dispensing, separate from skin and eye products. Brands, salts and release forms pooled; no topical gel or eye-drop generic date applied.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Topical NSAIDs. Skin solutions, gels and patches pooled; separate from oral and eye products. Pennsaid is representative. Earliest verified generic entry is1.5% solution; later gel/patch formulations differ. OTC purchases are excluded.
Generic: 2014 (Pennsaid1.5% topical solution; pooled gel/patch have independent entry dates)
Fixed combinations. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its component ingredients. Historical brand label does not imply current brand availability; no component generic date substituted for the combination.
Generic: 2012 (fixed combination delayed-release tablets)
Salicylates. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 1992 (conventional oral tablets)
Grabowski/Vernon original U.S. generic-market study, Table A1
Fixed combinations. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its component ingredients. Historical brand label does not imply current brand availability; no component generic date substituted for the combination.
Generic: 2020 (fixed combination delayed-release tablets)
Acetic acids. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Propionic acids. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 1988 (conventional oral product)
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
FTC Reiffen/Ward original generic-industry study, entry table
Ophthalmic NSAIDs. Eye drops only; separate from oral flurbiprofen.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Propionic acids. Oral tablets only; separate from Ocufen eye drops.
Generic: 1994 (oral tablets; ophthalmic formulation differs)
Fixed combinations. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its component ingredients. Historical brand label does not imply current brand availability; no component generic date substituted for the combination.
Generic: 2003 (fixed combination tablets)
Propionic acids. Prescription oral ibuprofen only; OTC sales and identified injections are excluded. Includes all oral strengths and indications.
Generic: 1985 (prescription oral products; OTC generic1986; excludes injection)
Fixed combinations. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its component ingredients. Historical brand label does not imply current brand availability; no component generic date substituted for the combination.
Generic: 2021 (fixed combination tablets)
Fixed combinations. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its component ingredients. Historical brand label does not imply current brand availability; no component generic date substituted for the combination.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Acetic acids. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Propionic acids. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 1993 (conventional oral capsules; later ER and OTC formulations differ)
Grabowski/Vernon original U.S. generic-market study, Table A1
Acetic acids. Nasal spray only; separate from oral, injectable and eye products. No generic date borrowed from another route.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Ophthalmic NSAIDs. Eye drops only;0.5% first generic in2009, other strengths have separate dates. No oral or injection prescriptions included.
Generic: 2009 (0.5% eye drops; other concentrations differ)
Acetic acids. Systemic oral/rectal pharmacy dispensing; identified injections and unresolved routes excluded. Separate from nasal spray and eye drops.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Salicylates. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fenamates. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Fenamates. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Oxicams. Oral products pooled; identified injectable products excluded. Mobic tablets had generic entry2006; later capsules and orally disintegrating tablets differ.
Generic: 2006 (tablets; other oral formulations differ; no injectables)
Other NSAIDs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2001 (oral tablets)
Propionic acids. Prescription oral naproxen and naproxen sodium, pooling release forms. OTC purchases absent; Naprosyn is a representative historical label.
Generic: 1993 (conventional oral naproxen/sodium; ER differs)
Syntex management video transcript, archived by Science History Institute
Fixed combinations. Fixed combination counted once, separately from its component ingredients. Historical brand label does not imply current brand availability; no component generic date substituted for the combination.
Generic: 2018 (authorized generic fixed combination)
Ophthalmic NSAIDs. Ophthalmic NSAID; Nevanac and Ilevro formulations pooled. U.S. generic commercial availability unresolved; foreign availability not substituted.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Propionic acids. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2001 (600mg oral tablets; newer capsules differ)
Historical NSAIDs. Historical human-use NSAID. Catalog only; current availability and complete U.S. commercial chronology not established here.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Historical NSAIDs. Historical human-use NSAID, not veterinary utilization. Catalog only; current U.S. availability and complete commercial chronology not established here.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Oxicams. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 1992 (oral capsules)
FTC Reiffen/Ward original generic-industry study, entry table
COX-2 inhibitors. Vioxx withdrawn September30,2004 after increased cardiovascular events.2004 is a partial market year; no bars from2005.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Salicylates. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Acetic acids. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 1990 (oral tablets)
FTC Reiffen/Ward original generic-industry study, entry table
Ophthalmic NSAIDs. Historical eye-drop product; oral Suprol withdrawal does not establish withdrawal of this formulation. No supported annual bar in this release.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Historical NSAIDs. Historical oral Suprol withdrawn in1987. No supported bars in the1996–2026 period; ophthalmic suprofen is distinct.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Acetic acids. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 1991 (conventional oral product)
FTC Reiffen/Ward original generic-industry study, entry table
Grabowski/Vernon original U.S. generic-market study, Table A1
COX-2 inhibitors. Bextra withdrawn April2005 following cardiovascular and serious skin-reaction concerns.2005 is a partial market year; no bars from2006.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Historical NSAIDs. Historical Zomax withdrawn in1983. Catalog only; no invented1996–2026 bar.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Prescription pharmacy fills; includes prescribed aspirin for all indications. Unknown routes for multi-route ingredients and identifiable injections are excluded and audited. Numeric labels: at least30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels: at least15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels: at least10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells remain unknown. Domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household sample; RSE is approximate and ranks are not statistically significant comparisons. Adjacent annual estimates interpolate; missing next years hold the prior annual estimate until the next boundary. Reliable2024 bases alone are projected, using2022–24 growth clipped to−20%/+35%, damped75% then50%; an unavailable reliable2022 baseline means flat carry-forward. Pre1996 class rankings remain unestablished. Fixed combinations are counted once, separately from components. Acetaminophen, foreign-only NSAIDs, OTC multisymptom combinations, aspirin/dipyridamole and copacks are outside this curated catalog.1997 numeric dosage-form codes are decoded before route assignment. Historical withdrawal years retain partial-year fills; later years are excluded. Sparse or masked cells are unknown, not zero. Generic markers use earliest verified entry for a pooled ingredient, not a claim every later formulation is generic. Unknown dates remain open research tasks.
Opioid analgesic pharmacy fills, with fixed combinations and pain routes separated. No cough-only combinations, OUD buprenorphine products, OTP dispensing or identified injections. Annual MEPS1996–2024; ~2025–2026 projections. Brand labels are historical identifiers. Missing counts remain unknown; a missing $ does not prove generic availability.
Other fixed combinations. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim.
Generic: Fioricet/codeine authorized generic2003; earlier generic entry unresolved.
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Other fixed combinations. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Opioid/acetaminophen. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Opioid/acetaminophen. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Opioid/acetaminophen. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim.
Generic available before1986; exact first U.S. commercial year unverified.
Opioid/acetaminophen. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Opioid/acetaminophen. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim. Propoxyphene withdrawal2010; no subsequent bars.
Generic sold by1985; exact first U.S. commercial year unverified.
Opioid Analgesic REMS: covered products
FDA January14,2011 notice referencing November2010 withdrawal
Opioid/acetaminophen. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim.
Generic: 2005 (fixed oral combination)
Other fixed combinations. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Other fixed combinations. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim.
Generic: Synalgos-DC authorized generic2012; earliest generic entry unresolved.
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Other fixed combinations. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim. Propoxyphene withdrawal2010; no subsequent bars.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Opioid Analgesic REMS: covered products
FDA January14,2011 notice referencing November2010 withdrawal
Opioid/NSAID. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Opioid/NSAID. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Partial agonists. Belbuca buccal film for pain only. No Suboxone, Subutex or long-acting OUD injections. Patch generic entry does not make buccal film generic.
Generic: none launched as of September2026. Buccal film; patch and sublingual dates do not apply.
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
COSCIENS September10,2026 manufacturer pipeline announcement
Partial agonists. Pain patches only. Sublingual tablets, OUD films and injections are excluded. Authorized generic patches launched May2017; later strengths differ.
Generic: 2017 (authorized generic Butrans5/10/15/20mcg per hour;7.5mcg later)
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Mixed agonist–antagonists. Nasal spray only; Stadol NS is a historical brand. Injectables and unknown routes excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Opioid/NSAID. Fixed Seglentis combination, identified as marketed in the U.S. in the2022 company report. No supported annual MEPS bar or generic launch year is inferred from ingredient availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Full agonists. Single-ingredient oral/rectal pharmacy fills for all indications. Identified cough-only fixed combinations excluded; an individual prescription indication cannot be inferred from the ingredient alone.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fentanyl. Passive pain patches only. No injections or illicit fentanyl. Separate from transmucosal products; Duragesic is a historical identifier.
Generic: 2005 (passive transdermal patch; no injection or TIRF dates borrowed)
Fentanyl. TIRF lozenges, buccal, sublingual and nasal products pooled; no patches or injections. All TIRF production discontinued September2024. Remaining inventory exhaustion is unknown;2025–2026 counts are left unknown rather than projected or asserted zero.
Generic: 2006 (Actiq lozenges; other pooled TIRF formulations differ)
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Barr September27,2006 commercial launch announcement
FDA TIRF discontinuation notice, September2024
Full agonists. Single-ingredient Zohydro/Hysingla oral analgesics. Annual bars withheld: the2016 survey estimate conflicts markedly with independent market-share evidence; the discrepancy is unresolved. Raw survey results remain in the audit. Cough combinations and hydrocodone/APAP are separate.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Opioid/NSAID. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim.
Generic: 2003 (fixed oral combination)
Full agonists. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: Dilaudid tablet authorized generic2009; earliest IR generic unresolved. ER Exalgo authorized generic2014 is formulation-specific.
Opioid/NSAID. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Full agonists. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Full agonists. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Full agonists. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills, with no individual indication inferred. Opioid treatment program dispensing, institutional use and injections are outside this series; these counts are not national OUD treatment totals.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Full agonists. Oral and rectal pharmacy fills, pooling brands and release forms. MS Contin is a representative historical brand; volumes are not exclusively ER or that brand. Injections and unresolved routes excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Other fixed combinations. Fixed Embeda formulation. Distribution stopped February2011 because of stability specifications. Commercial return and later discontinuation chronology remain under review; no annual bars are shown pending that verification.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Full agonists. Single-ingredient oral oxycodone, pooling immediate and extended release. OxyContin is a historical identifier; counts are not OxyContin-only. Generic ER dates do not establish first generic IR availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Full agonists. Oral and rectal products. Reformulated branded Opana ER was removed in2017 after FDA concern about harms of misuse. This does not remove the whole ingredient; FDA still identified approved oxymorphone products in2025.
Generic: earliest pooled oral entry unverified. ER7.5/15mg launched2011; earlier IR2010 commercial lead remains unresolved.
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Opioid Analgesic REMS: covered products
FDA external review of opioid regulation, January2023
FDA September10,2025 warning letter: prescription drug status
Mixed agonist–antagonists. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: no supported annual bar; not zero prescriptions.
Other fixed combinations. Fixed combination counted once, separate from components. All-indication pharmacy fills; historical brand is an identifier, not a brand-specific count or current availability claim.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Historical opioids. Historical oral Darvon/Darvon-N. U.S. withdrawal in2010; no later bars. First generic hydrochloride1973; napsylate-specific entry remains unresolved.
Generic: 1973 (hydrochloride; napsylate first launch unresolved)
Opioid Analgesic REMS: covered products
FDA January14,2011 notice referencing November2010 withdrawal
Dual mechanism. Oral IR and ER pooled. Authorized generic IR launched February25,2026 and first generic ER March11,2026; the annual dollar marker disappears in2026.
Generic: 2026 (IR February25,2026; ER March11,2026)
Hikma February25,2026 authorized generic launch
Dual mechanism. Oral tramadol, pooling IR and ER and all indications. Ultram is a historical identifier; generic IR entered2002 and ER products have separate later histories.
Generic: 2002 (oral immediate-release; extended-release forms differ)
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Prescription pharmacy fills; all indications represented by these selected analgesic ingredients; not pain-only patient counts. Unknown routes for multi-route ingredients and identifiable injections are excluded and audited. Numeric labels: at least30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels: at least15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels: at least10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells remain unknown. Domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household sample; RSE is approximate and ranks are not statistically significant comparisons. Adjacent annual estimates interpolate; missing next years hold the prior annual estimate until the next boundary. Reliable2024 bases alone are projected, using2022–24 growth clipped to−20%/+35%, damped75% then50%; an unavailable reliable2022 baseline means flat carry-forward. Pre1996 comparative opioid rankings remain unestablished. Fixed combinations are counted once, separately from components. Standalone nonopioid medicines, OUD buprenorphine, cough-only combinations and injectable-only opioids are outside this curated catalog. Embeda remains catalog-only pending complete commercial interruption history. Single-entity hydrocodone bars are withheld because its survey estimates conflict with an independent market-volume check. 1997 numeric dosage-form codes are decoded before route assignment. Historical withdrawal years retain partial-year fills; later years are excluded. Sparse or masked cells are unknown, not zero. Generic markers use earliest verified entry for a pooled ingredient, not a claim every later formulation is generic. Unknown dates remain open research tasks.
Trazodone and doxepin: Full oral prescription totals serve as sleep-use proxies under the user-selected 100% attribution assumption. Actual indication shares are unmeasured; numeric proxy labels use ~. Doxepin pools all oral strengths, including Silenor, once; skin products are excluded. Silenor remains a formulation reference with its separate generic history.
Tiny unlabeled lines for suvorexant, lemborexant and tasimelteon show verified commercial availability. They follow quantified bars and do not encode prescription volume or rank. Other supported sleep bars retain their actual relative scale, including values below50K.
DORAs: suvorexant (BELSOMRA), lemborexant (DAYVIGO), daridorexant (QUVIVIQ). Melatonin agonists: ramelteon (ROZEREM), tasimelteon (HETLIOZ). Oxybates: XYREM/generic immediate-release solution, lower-sodium XYWAV, extended-release LUMRYZ. Existing hypnotics retained. These are all-indication fills, not insomnia-only use.
Bars require supported annual evidence. Entries without a usable series remain available below; missing evidence is not zero use. No OTC melatonin sales, every off-label sedating medicine, or wake-promoting agents added.
Barbiturates. Historical oral hypnotic; injectable Amytal use is outside this pharmacy series.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
Barbiturates. Historical fixed Tuinal combination, counted once and not duplicated under components. No supported annual national series.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
Barbiturates. Historical Butisol oral sedative/hypnotic. FDA2023 review lists discontinued products. Exact final sale unresolved; no supported annual bar.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
Older hypnotics. Historical hypnotic and procedural sedative. Manufactured products discontinued late2012; compounded availability continued. No compounded-volume estimate inferred.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
Orexin antagonists. Dual orexin receptor antagonist. ~65000 US prescriptions dispensed in2022 reported by manufacturer, including supported fills. Later annual totals unresolved; cumulative multi-year totals are not annual counts. Subsequent relative bar held with blank count.
No U.S. generic identified through September2026; remainder2026 status assumed unchanged
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
DEA proposed DORA rescheduling, August11,2026
Idorsia first-half2023 results
Formulation reference only: identified3/6mgSilenor fills are included in the pooled Doxepin bar and never counted twice. FDA-approved for sleep-maintenance insomnia;generic low-dose tablets commercially available2020. Older oral capsule generic1986 is a separate history.
Generic: 2020 (3/6mg tablets only; not older antidepressant capsules or liquid)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
Cai, Kesselheim and Rome, JAMA2025 original dispensing study
Benzodiazepine hypnotics. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic available by2008; earliest U.S. year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
Z-drugs. Generic tablets launched2014. Public survey ingredient counts become unavailable in later years; disappearance of a bar does not imply withdrawal.
Generic: 2014 (oral tablets)
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
Older hypnotics. Historical Placidyl hypnotic; catalog only. No defensible annual comparative counts or earliest generic date established.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
Benzodiazepine hypnotics. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Older hypnotics. Historical Doriden hypnotic; catalog only. No defensible annual comparative counts or earliest generic date established.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
US commercial launch 2020-06-01. Tiny line shows availability only; its length and position do not estimate prescription volume or rank. Annual counts remain unknown. Dual orexin receptor antagonist. Existing verified brand-only/generic evidence retained.
No U.S. generic identified through September2026; remainder2026 status assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
DEA proposed DORA rescheduling, August11,2026
Dayvigo generic status, September10,2026
Older hypnotics. Historical legitimate U.S. hypnotic. Later illicit use excluded; no pre1996 comparative rank or annual count inferred.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
Older hypnotics. Historical Noludar hypnotic; catalog only. Commercial chronology and earliest generic date remain unresolved.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
Older hypnotics. Historical sedative/hypnotic; catalog only. No supported oral/rectal pharmacy series; injected administrations excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
Barbiturates. Historical oral/rectal hypnotic. Identified injections and unknown routes excluded; no inpatient administration totals.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
Barbiturates. Historical sedative and antiseizure medicine. Includes non-sleep indications; these are not insomnia-only prescriptions. Identified oral/rectal pharmacy fills only; injections excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
Benzodiazepine hypnotics. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: authorized generic documented; earliest actual U.S. launch year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
Atland quazepam authorized-generic label
Melatonin agonists. Melatonin receptor agonist for sleep onset. Generic tablets launched2019. Sparse or masked ingredient records remain unknown.
Generic: 2019 (8mg tablets)
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
Barbiturates. Historical oral hypnotic. Sole capsule supplier discontinued January2022; not the withdrawal of all injectable barbiturates. No supported annual bar.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
US commercial launch 2015-02-03. Tiny line shows availability only; its length and position do not estimate prescription volume or rank. Annual counts remain unknown. Dual orexin receptor antagonist. Existing verified brand-only/generic evidence retained.
No U.S. generic identified through September2026; remainder2026 status assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
DEA proposed DORA rescheduling, August11,2026
Belsomra generic status, September10,2026
US commercial launch 2014-04. Tiny line shows availability only; its length and position do not estimate prescription volume or rank. Annual counts remain unknown. Melatonin receptor agonist for circadian sleep disorders. Capsule generic commercially launched December29,2022; suspension has a separate history.
Generic: 2022 (20mg capsules; Hetlioz LQ suspension has a separate generic history)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
U.S. District Court memorandum, September24,2026, factual background
Benzodiazepine hypnotics. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Benzodiazepine hypnotics. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Z-drugs. Short-acting Z-drug. Generic capsules shipped2008. Sparse or masked later ingredient records remain unknown.
Generic: 2008 (oral capsules)
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
Z-drugs. Oral, sublingual and oral-spray formulations pooled. Ambien is a historical identifier, not an Ambien-only count. First generic IR2007; CR and other formulations differ.
Generic: 2007 (IR tablets; pooled later formulations have different generic dates)
FDA July2026 PCAC briefing, Table3, printedpp30–31
Oxybates (sleep disorders). Immediate-release solution; Xyrem and its generic counted together. Narcolepsy sleep-disorder treatment, not general insomnia. ~2017 uses146426 initial/refill dispensing shipments over Dec27,2016–Dec26,2017; calendar and measurement proxy. Later unknown counts retain relative size with blank labels.
Generic: 2023 (Immediate-release sodium oxybate0.5g/mL oral solution only)
Orphan Medical2004 annual filing
Xyrem REMS US2016–2017 primary report
Oxybates (sleep disorders). Calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium oxybates, lower-sodium immediate-release solution. Narcolepsy launch2020; adult idiopathic hypersomnia2021. Distinct from Xyrem. Annual fills unresolved; patient totals and sales are not prescriptions.
No generic for this formulation as of September10,2026; unchanged status through year-end assumed.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
Oxybates (sleep disorders). Extended-release oral suspension, once at bedtime for narcolepsy. Actual launch June5,2023. Separate from immediate-release solution and mixed-salt Xywav. Annual fills unresolved.
No generic for this formulation as of September10,2026; unchanged status through year-end assumed.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unresolved.
Avadel commercial launch announcement
MEPS1996–2024 household pharmacy fills/refills; original quality thresholds and2025–26 projections preserved. Daridorexant2022 uses approximately65000 manufacturer-reported US dispensed prescriptions, including supported fills. Sodium oxybate IR2017 uses146426 dispensing shipments (initial fills+refills) from the complete US REMS pharmacy over December27,2016–December26,2017 as an approximate calendar2017 fill proxy; not unique prescription orders or bottles. Both marked~. No conversion of patients, sales or payer-subset counts into national fills. Unspecified oxybate formulations from2020 onward are audit-only to avoid overlap. Missing years move linearly between supported anchors; after the last anchor relative size remains with a blank count. No backward extrapolation. Xywav and Lumryz generic status is formulation-specific; Xyrem generic launch2023 does not apply to them. Brand-only evidence through September2026 carried through year-end as an explicit assumption.
Full oral prescription totals used as a sleep-use proxy at user request (100% attribution); actual sleep share unmeasured and may differ by year. Insomnia use is off-label; depression and other uses remain included. All oral release forms pooled.
Generic: earliest US commercial year unresolved;1986approval-derived timing is not launch proof
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
FDA trazodone review: approved depression indication
Full oral prescription totals used as a sleep-use proxy at user request (100% attribution); actual sleep share unmeasured and may differ by year. All oral strengths/forms pooled, including identified Silenor; topical doxepin excluded. Low-dose Silenor is not counted again as a separate bar. Capsule generic1986;Silenor3/6mg generic2020.
Generic capsules available1986;Silenor3/6mg tablets2020,separate formulation.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
FDA Silenor3/6mg insomnia labeling
All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Fixed combinations are separate; injections and hospital administrations are excluded. Annual MEPS 1996–2024; ~2025–2026 projections. Sparse and masked ingredient data leave gaps; a missing bar does not imply withdrawal. Historical brands identify ingredients, not brand-only totals.
Anxiolytic benzodiazepines. All-indication pharmacy fills, including anxiety and panic use. Conventional and extended-release products pooled. The 1993 generic marker applies to conventional tablets, not every later formulation.
Generic: 1993 (conventional tablets; XR and other later formulations differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Branded Generics, section II.B
Upjohn 1995 annual SEC report, U.S. sales discussion
Fixed combinations. Fixed antidepressant/benzodiazepine combination. Each prescription counted once, not again under chlordiazepoxide. Annual survey support too sparse for a bar.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Anxiolytic benzodiazepines. All-indication noninjectable fills, including anxiety and alcohol-withdrawal treatment. Fixed combinations counted separately.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Fixed combinations. Fixed benzodiazepine/anticholinergic combination. Each prescription counted once, not again under chlordiazepoxide. Ingredient count includes eligible brands and copies; regulatory histories differ.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Antiseizure benzodiazepines. Antiseizure benzodiazepine. Generic tablets and suspension launched in 2018; oral film differs. Identified annual survey support is too sparse for a bar.
Generic: 2018 (tablets and oral suspension; Sympazan film differs)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Upsher-Smith October23,2018 generic Onfi launch
Antiseizure benzodiazepines. Antiseizure and anxiety/panic uses pooled. Conventional generic tablets marketed in 1996; later orally disintegrating tablets have a separate history.
Generic: 1996 (conventional tablets; later orally disintegrating tablets differ)
Teva clonazepam marketed-product label; September1996
Anxiolytic benzodiazepines. All-indication pharmacy fills, including anxiety and seizure treatment. Generic oral tablets entered in 1987. Some suppliers restricted sales in late 1997; the ingredient did not disappear.
Generic: 1987 (conventional oral tablets; later modified-release products differ)
Grabowski and Vernon, Brand Loyalty, Entry, and Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals,1992, Table A1
FTC amended Mylan complaint, February 1999
Anxiolytic benzodiazepines. Identified noninjectable pharmacy fills, all indications. Oral, rectal and nasal forms may be pooled; 1985 generic entry applies to conventional oral products, not later rescue products.
Generic: 1985 (conventional oral product; later release and rescue formulations differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, Table1 printedp39
Hypnotic benzodiazepines. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first actual U.S. launch unresolved; 1997 package-date lead
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Watson estazolam manufacturer label
Hypnotic benzodiazepines. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 1986 (oral capsules)
Grabowski and Vernon, Brand Loyalty, Entry, and Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals,1992, Table A1
Anxiolytic benzodiazepines. Historical U.S. Paxipam anxiolytic. Catalog only; no defensible annual count or exact last-sale date established. Catalog inclusion does not mean current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA benzodiazepine class review, September 2020
Anxiolytic benzodiazepines. Identified noninjectable pharmacy fills across indications. Conventional oral generic entry in 1985 does not apply to later extended-release products.
Generic: 1985 (conventional oral product; later release and rescue formulations differ)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, Table1 printedp39
Procedural benzodiazepines. Identified noninjectable pharmacy prescriptions only, including oral procedural and nasal rescue use when recorded. Hospital injections excluded. Historical Versed label does not mean all fills are that brand.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Anxiolytic benzodiazepines. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Anxiolytic benzodiazepines. Historical U.S. Centrax anxiolytic. Catalog only; no defensible annual count or exact last-sale date established. Catalog inclusion does not mean current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA benzodiazepine class review, September 2020
Hypnotic benzodiazepines. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: authorized generic documented; earliest actual U.S. launch year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Atland quazepam authorized-generic label
FDA authorized generic listing, October5,2026
Procedural benzodiazepines. BYFAVO launched in U.S. hospitals in January 2021. Injectable procedural sedative: catalog only, excluded from outpatient pharmacy bars.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
PAION January 28,2021 BYFAVO U.S. launch
Hypnotic benzodiazepines. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Sandoz v. Richardson-Vicks, 1992 court findings
Hypnotic benzodiazepines. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Upjohn 1995 annual SEC report, U.S. sales discussion
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Reliable 2024 bases alone qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Alprazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, diazepam and temazepam qualify. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
FDA reports an independent IQVIA 2019 outpatient retail/mail total of about 92M prescriptions; this MEPS extraction totals about 52M. Different coverage and ascertainment matter: no calibration factor is applied and no pharmacy-census totals are substituted. This graph is the documented household-survey series, not all U.S. dispensing.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Later XR, nasal, film and rescue products can differ. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Inhalers, nebulizers and selected oral airway medicines. Fixed combinations count once; nasal/topical products, injections and hospital administrations excluded. All indications pooled, including montelukast allergy use; these are not diagnosis-specific totals. Annual MEPS 1996–2024; ~2025–2026 projections. Sparse and masked ingredient data leave gaps; a missing bar does not imply withdrawal. Historical brands identify ingredients, not brand-only totals.
Inhaled antimuscarinics. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Combination inhalers. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Short-acting β₂ agonists. CFC, HFA and dry-powder inhalers pooled. CFC sales ended after 2008; HFA replaced them. Nebulized and oral fills are separate. HFA authorized generics entered 2019; earlier CFC first-generic year remains unresolved.
HFA generic available 2019; first CFC generic shipment year unresolved
GSK Q1 2019 pre-announcement aide-memoire
FDA transition from CFC to HFA albuterol inhalers
Fuld2010 original generic-device market study
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Short-acting β₂ agonists. Nebulizer solution only. Identified strengths and route names resolve liquid records; ambiguous oral-versus-nebulized liquids remain unallocated.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Short-acting β₂ agonists. Oral tablets and syrups; inhaled and nebulized products counted separately. Historical brand label does not imply current brand availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Combination inhalers. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Combination inhalers. Combivent CFC/Respimat inhalers pooled; DuoNeb solution counted separately. CFC phase-out was a device transition, not total combination withdrawal.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Combination inhalers. DuoNeb-type solution only; generic competition entered July 2007. Combivent inhaler generic status differs.
Generic: 2007 (DuoNeb nebulizer solution; Combivent inhaler differs)
Mylan2007transition annual report
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Other airway medicines. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Long-acting β₂ agonists. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: 2021 (nebulized15 mcg/2 mL)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Lupin authorized-generic Brovana launch
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Inhaled corticosteroids. Inhaled products pooled. Original hand-breath QVAR HFA generic launched April 2026, after 2025 approval; RediHaler and older CFC histories differ. No pooled first-generic year invented.
Original QVAR HFA generic launched 2026; RediHaler and older CFC histories differ
Amneal QVAR HFA generic commercial launch
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Short-acting β₂ agonists. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Inhaled corticosteroids. Dry-powder inhalers only; suspension respules counted separately. Oral gastrointestinal formulations and nasal products excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Inhaled corticosteroids. Nebulized suspension only. Generic launched November 2008; subsequent shipments were suspended, while previously shipped stock could remain. Settlement permitted further shipments December 2009; exact resumption not independently established.
Generic: 2008 (Pulmicort Respules suspension; dry-powder inhaler differs)
Teva Pulmicort settlement and actual launch
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Combination inhalers. Fixed combination counted once. Symbicort authorized generic launched 2020, before later Breyna; approval alone is not the launch date.
Generic: 2020 (Symbicort authorized generic; Breyna later)
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Combination inhalers. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Inhaled corticosteroids. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Other airway medicines. Identified inhaled products only. Oral Gastrocrom, nasal and ophthalmic forms excluded. CFC MDI phase-out does not imply disappearance of nebulized solution.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Other airway medicines. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Other airway medicines. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Other airway medicines. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Other airway medicines. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Inhaled corticosteroids. Inhaled Aerobid and Aerospan only, not nasal sprays. CFC Aerobid phase-out did not itself remove the later HFA formulation.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Inhaled corticosteroids. Arnuity single-ingredient inhaler, separate from propionate and from combination inhalers. Nasal fluticasone excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Inhaled corticosteroids. Inhaled propionate products; nasal/topical excluded. First HFA authorized generic 2022. Historical Flovent brand label includes eligible generic fills and does not mean the ingredient disappeared when branding changed.
Generic: 2022 (Flovent HFA AG; Diskus has separate chronology, nasal excluded)
Prasco company launch chronology
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Combination inhalers. Fixed combination counted once. AirDuo authorized generic launched 2017; Advair Diskus generic 2019. Device-specific substitution differs; ingredients pooled.
Generic: 2017 (AirDuo RespiClick AG; Advair Diskus generic 2019, HFA differs)
Teva simultaneous AirDuo and authorized-generic launch
Prasco first Advair Diskus authorized-generic launch
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Combination inhalers. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Combination inhalers. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: 2022 (Breo Ellipta authorized generic)
Prasco company launch chronology
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Long-acting β₂ agonists. Single-ingredient inhaled capsules only; nebulizer solution and fixed combinations counted separately.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Long-acting β₂ agonists. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: 2021 (nebulized20 mcg/2 mL)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Teva first generic Perforomist launch
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Combination inhalers. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Combination inhalers. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Inhaled antimuscarinics. Identified airway inhalation products only. Oral anticholinergic and injectable products excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Combination inhalers. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Other airway medicines. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Long-acting β₂ agonists. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Inhaled antimuscarinics. Inhalers and nebulizer solution pooled; nasal spray excluded. Generic solution chronology cannot be applied to every Atrovent device.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Short-acting β₂ agonists. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Short-acting β₂ agonists. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: 2016 (HFA aerosol45 mcg)
Teva2016 annual report, U.S. generic launches
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Short-acting β₂ agonists. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: 2012 (nebulizer solution)
Watson manufacturer generic Xopenex release
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Short-acting β₂ agonists. Oral and inhaled products pooled. CFC inhaler phase-out does not imply simultaneous disappearance of oral forms.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Inhaled corticosteroids. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Leukotriene modifiers. All-indication pharmacy fills, including allergic rhinitis as well as asthma. Conventional and chewable generic tablets launched 2012; not an asthma-only prescription total.
Generic: 2012 (conventional and chewable tablets; granules differ)
Dr.Reddy manufacturer launch announcement
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Other airway medicines. Inhaled Tilade only; ophthalmic products excluded. CFC inhaler marketing cutoff June 2010. Sparse later survey records are not evidence of a return.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Long-acting β₂ agonists. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Combination inhalers. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Short-acting β₂ agonists. Historical Maxair inhaler. CFC marketing cutoff at end 2013; no later volume projected.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Inhaled antimuscarinics. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Other airway medicines. Oral airway therapy only. Topical Zoryve formulations excluded.500 mcg generic oral tablets available 2022;250 mcg has separate launch history.
Generic: 2022 (oral500 mcg tablets;250 mcg later, topical excluded)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Camber generic Daliresp launch
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Long-acting β₂ agonists. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Short-acting β₂ agonists. Noninjectable pharmacy fills, all indications. The survey cannot reliably separate airway treatment from other uses; injections excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Other airway medicines. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Inhaled antimuscarinics. Inhaler devices pooled.2023 generic entry applies to dry-powder capsules referencing HandiHaler; Respimat has a distinct generic history.
Generic: 2023 (HandiHaler-type dry-powder capsules; Respimat differs)
Lupin first generic tiotropium capsule launch
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Inhaled corticosteroids. Inhaled Azmacort only; systemic, nasal and topical forms excluded. CFC inhaler marketing cutoff at end 2010; not a withdrawal of all triamcinolone formulations.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Inhaled antimuscarinics. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Combination inhalers. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Leukotriene modifiers. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: 2010 (oral tablets)
Dr.Reddy zafirlukast launch announcement
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Leukotriene modifiers. Identified outpatient pharmacy fills across indications. Eligible brands and generics pooled within this formulation group; historical trade labels do not imply brand-only totals or current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stafford et al., National trends in asthma visits and pharmacotherapy,1978–2002
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Reliable 2024 bases alone qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only medicines with a sufficiently supported 2024 base qualify; other future counts remain unknown. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. HFA, CFC, dry-powder, nebulized and oral products can differ. The albuterol marker returns during the 2009–2018 branded-HFA interval. Budesonide suspension has a documented shipment interruption after its 2008 generic entry. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Fixed combinations are separate; self-injected pharmacy products are eligible, but IV infusions and hospital administrations are excluded. Annual MEPS 1996–2024; ~2025–2026 projections. Sparse and masked ingredient data leave gaps; a missing bar does not imply withdrawal. Historical brands identify ingredients, not brand-only totals.
Triptans. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2015 (oral tablets)
Gepants. QULIPTA preventive treatment. Catalog only: public ingredient-level survey support insufficient for an annual bar.
No generic available as checked October 2026; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Ergot derivatives. Fixed ergot/caffeine product; tablets and suppositories pooled. Counted once, separately from ergotamine alone. Earliest generic shipment year unresolved.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Ergot derivatives. Identified nasal and non-IV pharmacy fills pooled; hospital administrations excluded. Injectable generic available since 2003; nasal delivery systems differ. MIGRANAL is a representative label, not a claim all fills used that brand.
Generic: 2003 (injection; nasal formulations have separate histories)
Triptans. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2017 (oral tablets)
CGRP antibodies. VYEPTI is given by IV infusion. Catalog only; infusion administrations are excluded from these pharmacy-fill bars.
No FDA-listed biosimilar as checked October 2026; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
CGRP antibodies. AIMOVIG self-injected preventive treatment. Eligible pharmacy fills only; no administration encounters. Sparse or masked annual cells remain unknown.
No FDA-listed biosimilar as checked October 2026; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged
Ergot derivatives. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
CGRP antibodies. AJOVY self-injected preventive treatment. Catalog only: insufficient identified annual pharmacy survey support.
No FDA-listed biosimilar as checked October 2026; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Triptans. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2016 (oral tablets)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
CGRP antibodies. EMGALITY pharmacy fills across indications, including migraine prevention and cluster headache. Catalog only: insufficient identified annual survey support.
No FDA-listed biosimilar as checked October 2026; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Ditan. REYVOW acute treatment. Lilly ended U.S. distribution May 31, 2026; remaining pharmacy stock could still be dispensed. This is not an exact zero-use date. Catalog only: survey support insufficient.
No generic; distribution ended May 31, 2026, residual stock may remain
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Fixed combinations. SYMBRAVO became commercially available June 10, 2025. Fixed combination counted separately from its ingredients. Catalog only: no defensible annual prescription estimate yet.
No approved generic listed; authorized-generic status not independently resolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Ergot derivatives. Historical SANSERT preventive; discontinued product. Catalog only: no supported annual count. Exact final U.S. dispensing date and generic history unresolved.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Fixed combinations. Fixed combination counted once, separately from sumatriptan alone. Authorized generic entered in 2018; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2018 (authorized generic fixed combination)
Triptans. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and release forms pooled; a historical brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2010 (oral tablets)
Gepants. NURTEC ODT acute and preventive uses pooled. Newer public-data gaps reflect masking or sample limits, not absence of treatment.
No generic available as checked October 2026; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged
Triptans. Conventional and orally disintegrating tablets pooled. Conventional generic tablets launched in 2012; ODT supplier history differs.
Generic: 2012 (conventional oral tablets; ODT has separate supplier chronology)
Triptans. All-indication pharmacy fills, including cluster-headache use; eligible oral, nasal and self-injection forms pooled. The 2008 generic date is verified for oral tablets. Other delivery systems differ.
Generic: 2008 (oral tablets; injection, nasal and patch histories differ)
Gepants. UBRELVY acute-treatment pharmacy fills. The 2024 estimate supports an ordinal bar only; no unsupported 2025–2026 numeric extrapolation.
No generic available as checked October 2026; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged
Gepants. ZAVZPRET nasal acute treatment. Catalog only: public ingredient-level survey support insufficient for an annual bar.
No generic available as checked October 2026; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Triptans. Oral and nasal pharmacy formulations pooled. Generic tablets and ODT shipped in 2013; nasal products have a separate history.
Generic: 2013 (tablets and ODT; nasal spray differs)
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Sumatriptan, rizatriptan and rimegepant qualify; rimegepant uses a flat carry-forward because no reliable 2022 base is available. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse, not because they were unavailable.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Later nasal, injection and delivery-device products can differ. Biosimilar status is tracked for antibodies. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Pharmacy fills for contraceptive formulations, across all indications. Pills, patches, rings and identified injectable formulations are counted separately. Device placements, administration visits and OTC purchases are excluded. Annual MEPS 1996–2024; ~2025–2026 projections. Sparse and masked ingredient data leave gaps; a missing bar does not imply withdrawal. Historical brands identify ingredients, not brand-only totals.
Combined pills. Desogen and other doses/phases pooled; Apri generic entered 1999, Mircette-equivalent schedules later.
Generic: 1999 (Apri/Desogen-equivalent oral tablets; other schedules differ)
Contemporaneous Duramed shipment report
Combined pills. Estradiol valerate/dienogest contraceptive regimen; all uses including heavy menstrual bleeding. Expected generic dates are not actual launch evidence.
No generic available in checked product information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NATAZIA commercial generic status
Progestin-only pills. Drospirenone-only 4 mg contraceptive pills, separate from estrogen combinations. Sparse/masked annual data stay unknown.
No generic available in checked product information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
SLYND commercial generic status
Combined pills. Estetrol/drospirenone pills; not ethinyl estradiol combinations. Catalog-only where public survey identities or sample support are insufficient.
No generic available in checked product information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NEXTSTELLIS commercial generic status
Combined pills. Yasmin/Yaz strengths and schedules pooled. Generic Yasmin entered 2008; other schedules differ.
Generic: 2008 (Yasmin-equivalent oral tablets; other strengths/schedules differ)
Barr SEC filing: Ocella launched June 2008
Combined pills. Active folate adjunct retained as a separate fixed combination. Beyaz-equivalent generic entered 2016; Safyral-strength generic later.
Generic: 2016 (Beyaz-equivalent tablets; Safyral strength differs)
Teva generic Beyaz U.S. launch
Injections. Monthly combination injection. Prefilled syringes recalled 2002 for potency concerns; vials unavailable October 2003. FDA 2025 determined the drug was not withdrawn for safety/effectiveness. No actual generic return established.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
ESTRADIOL-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE availability research lead
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
Combined pills. Ethynodiol diacetate combinations, strengths and brands pooled. Later supplier launches do not establish the first generic year.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL-ETHYNODIOL availability research lead
Vaginal rings. Vaginal ring; first generic Elu Ryng commercial launch December 2019. Prescription fills are not necessarily individual rings or cycles.
Generic: 2019 (vaginal ring)
Amneal first generic NuvaRing commercialization
Combined pills. Oral combined pills, including different schedules, pooled; Twirla patch is separate. Extended-cycle products have distinct generic histories.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL-LEVONORGESTREL ORAL availability research lead
Patches. Twirla transdermal system; distinct from oral levonorgestrel/EE. Oral generic dates do not apply.
No generic available in checked product information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
TWIRLA commercial generic status
Patches. Transdermal contraceptive patch; first generic Xulane launched April 2014. Fills are not numbers of patches or cycles.
Generic: 2014 (transdermal patch)
Mylan first generic Ortho Evra patch launch
Combined pills. Contraceptive norethindrone/norethindrone acetate combinations, strengths and phases pooled. Known menopausal products/strengths excluded. Inactive iron tablets do not create a separate drug.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL-NORETHINDRONE availability research lead
Combined pills. Monophasic and multiphasic tablets pooled. Sprintec and Tri-Sprintec have separate histories; exact first calendar-year shipment remains unresolved.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL-NORGESTIMATE availability research lead
Combined pills. Combined norgestrel/EE pills; not progestin-only norgestrel or levonorgestrel alone. Older Low-Ogestrel history precedes later Cryselle supplier launch.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL-NORGESTREL availability research lead
Vaginal rings. Segesterone acetate/EE reusable vaginal system; distinct from etonogestrel ring. One fill is not one monthly cycle.
No generic available in checked product information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
ANNOVERA commercial generic status
Implants / hormonal IUDs. Implanon/Nexplanon historical device catalog. Placements and medical-benefit acquisition are not comparable pharmacy fills, so no bar is inferred.
No generic available in checked product information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NEXPLANON commercial generic status
Implants / hormonal IUDs. Historical Norplant device catalog. Overseas implant generics do not establish U.S. availability. No bar inferred from insertions or patients.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
LEVONORGESTREL IMPLANT availability research lead
Implants / hormonal IUDs. Hormonal IUD catalog includes Mirena, Liletta, Kyleena, Skyla. Distinct branded systems are not assumed to be generic equivalents. Device placements are excluded from prescription bars.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
LEVONORGESTREL IUD availability research lead
Emergency contraception. Oral emergency-contraception prescription fills only; OTC purchases excluded. Two-tablet 0.75 mg generic available 2009; one-tablet 1.5 mg generics later. Not IUDs or implants.
Generic: 2009 (0.75mg two-tablet emergency contraception; one-tablet1.5mg generics later)
DoD November 2009 P&T: Next Choice available
Injections. Identified 150 mg intramuscular contraceptive pharmacy fills only; oral tablets,400 mg oncology products and unresolved strengths excluded. Not injection administration encounters.
Generic: 2004 (150 mg/mL intramuscular contraceptive suspension; not oral or 104 mg SC)
Teva 2004 annual report: medroxyprogesterone launched
Teva medroxyprogesterone formulation approval
Injections. 104 mg subcutaneous pharmacy formulation; includes endometriosis use. Separate from 150 mg IM; its generic date does not apply.
No generic available in checked product information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
DEPO-SUBQ-PROVERA-104 commercial generic status
Combined pills. Older mestranol combination; distinct from ethinyl estradiol combinations. Sparse recent data are unknown rather than proof of withdrawal.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
MESTRANOL-NORETHINDRONE availability research lead
Combined pills. Historical Enovid combination, now discontinued. Catalog only; no supported annual count in this 1996–2026 series and no invented early ranks.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
MESTRANOL-NORETHYNODREL availability research lead
Progestin-only pills. Only 0.35 mg progestin-only contraceptive pills identified by strength or specific brand. Norethindrone acetate 5 mg therapeutic tablets and unresolved strengths excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
NORETHINDRONE CONTRACEPTIVE availability research lead
Progestin-only pills. Progestin-only norgestrel. Opill OTC shipments began March 2024; OTC purchases are outside this prescription-fill series. A brand or OTC switch is not generic entry.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NORGESTREL availability research lead
Emergency contraception. 30 mg emergency contraception, a progesterone receptor modulator. Non-U.S. products and anticipated 2026 generic dates do not establish U.S. commercial launch.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
ULIPRISTAL availability research lead
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Device entries remain catalog-only; their placements are not comparable pharmacy-fill counts.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules, routes and devices can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Pharmacy fills for hormone formulations, across all indications. Oral, skin and vaginal formulations are separated where histories differ. Counts include reproductive and nonmenopausal uses. Injections, OTC supplements and nonhormonal medicines are excluded. Annual MEPS 1996–2024; ~2025–2026 projections. Sparse and masked ingredient data leave gaps; a missing bar does not imply withdrawal. Historical brands identify ingredients, not brand-only totals.
Estrogen combinations. Estrogen plus estrogen receptor modulator. Packaging recall May 2020; back in U.S. stock June 5, 2023. This was not an efficacy/safety withdrawal. No counts invented across the interruption.
No generic available in checked formulation-specific information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
duavee commercial generic status
Pfizer: Duavee returned June 5, 2023
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Oral estrogens. Historical synthetic menopausal estrogen. Catalog only where annual pharmacy-fill evidence is unavailable; not a current-availability claim.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH PubChem chlorotrianisene historical entry
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Oral estrogens. Oral conjugated equine estrogens. First generic commercial launch November 13, 2025; vaginal cream and combinations have separate histories.
Generic: 2025 (Premarin-equivalent oral tablets only)
Ingenus: first generic Premarin tablets commercially available
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Vaginal estrogens. Local vaginal cream. The 2025 generic Premarin tablet launch does not apply to this formulation.
No generic available in checked formulation-specific information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
premarin-cream commercial generic status
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Estrogen combinations. Oral conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone regimens pooled. Large decline after the 2002 WHI findings. Generic component availability does not establish generic availability of the combination.
No generic available in checked formulation-specific information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
prempro commercial generic status
Premphase commercial generic status
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Vaginal estrogens. Historical vaginal estrogen cream. Insufficient annual evidence remains unknown; no fabricated early rankings.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Oral estrogens. Historical synthetic estrogen with menopausal and other uses. The 1971 pregnancy warning was not an ingredient-wide withdrawal. No invented early prescription series.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NCI: historical DES exposure and uses
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Estrogen combinations. Menopausal oral combination, distinct from drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol contraception. Generic approved but actual launch unresolved.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Oral estrogens. Older oral esterified estrogen mixtures, distinct from conjugated estrogens. Brands and strengths pooled; first generic history unresolved.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Estrogen combinations. Older oral estrogen/androgen combination. Brand and generic-style products pooled. Commercial presence does not establish FDA approval or therapeutic equivalence.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Skin estrogens. Historical systemic skin emulsion, separate from vaginal cream and gel. Estrasorb brand discontinued; no ingredient-wide withdrawal implied.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
MedlinePlus estradiol gel and emulsion history
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Skin estrogens. Skin gels pooled. Divigel-equivalent generic entered October 2022; EstroGel and Elestrin have different histories. Not skin emulsion or vaginal cream.
Generic: 2022 (Divigel-equivalent 0.1% gel; EstroGel/Elestrin histories differ)
Xiromed: generic Divigel launched October 11, 2022
FDA authorized generics: actual market-entry dates
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Oral estrogens. Oral tablets across all indications, including hypogonadism and gender-affirming therapy. Not a menopause-only count; vaginal and skin formulations separate.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Mylan fiscal 2000 report: estradiol patch introduced
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Skin estrogens. Weekly and twice-weekly skin patches pooled. Generic weekly Climara-equivalent entered 2000; twice-weekly products and some strengths later. Pooled marker does not imply every patch was generic then.
Generic: 2000 (once-weekly Climara-equivalent patch; twice-weekly and other strengths later)
Mylan fiscal 2000 report: estradiol patch introduced
FDA original Mylan estradiol patch approval
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Skin estrogens. Systemic skin spray, separate from gels, patches and vaginal products. Route-specific generic status.
No generic available in checked formulation-specific information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
evamist commercial generic status
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Vaginal estrogens. Local vaginal cream. Generic 0.01% cream launched December 2017; skin emulsions are excluded.
Generic: 2017 (vaginal cream 0.01%; not skin emulsion or oral tablets)
Mylan: first generic Estrace cream launch
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Vaginal estrogens. Vaginal tablets and softgel inserts pooled. First generic Vagifem 10 mcg shipped October 2016; this date does not apply to Imvexxy softgels.
Generic: 2016 (Vagifem-equivalent vaginal tablets; Imvexxy softgel has a distinct history)
Amneal: Yuvafem shipments began October 17, 2016
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Vaginal estrogens. Low-dose local vaginal ring. Separate from systemic Femring; pharmacy fills are not patient counts or months of therapy.
No generic available in checked formulation-specific information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
estring commercial generic status
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Vaginal estrogens. Estradiol acetate vaginal ring delivering systemic hormone. Separate from low-dose local Estring and estradiol tablets.
No generic available in checked formulation-specific information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
femring commercial generic status
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Estrogen combinations. Combination skin patch. First generic approved October 19, 2026; actual commercial launch unresolved, so no invented generic-entry year.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA: first generic Climara Pro approved October 19, 2026
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Estrogen combinations. Oral estradiol/norethindrone acetate. Actual generic competition documented in 2008 for 1 mg/0.5 mg; lower dose later. Combipatch separate.
Generic: 2008 (Activella 1 mg/0.5 mg oral tablets; lower dose and patch differ)
Breckenridge first Activella-equivalent 1 mg/0.5 mg approval
Novo Nordisk 2008 results: actual U.S. Activella generic competition
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Estrogen combinations. Combination skin patch. Generic oral Activella dates do not apply to the patch.
No generic available in checked formulation-specific information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
combipatch commercial generic status
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Estrogen combinations. Intermittent oral progestogen regimen. Not the norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol contraceptive combination.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Estrogen combinations. Fixed oral combination. Separate component generics do not make Bijuva generic. Public survey masking or sparse sample may leave no supported bar.
No generic available in checked formulation-specific information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
bijuva commercial generic status
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Oral estrogens. Older oral estrone-sulfate formulation. Vaginal formulation separate. Missing recent bars do not establish a withdrawal date.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Mylan fiscal 2000 report: estradiol patch introduced
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Vaginal estrogens. Historical vaginal estrogen cream, separate from estropipate tablets. Generic and cessation dates unresolved.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
MedlinePlus estrogen formulations and historical brands
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Oral estrogens. Historical standalone oral estrogen; not ethinyl estradiol contraceptive combinations. Sparse records do not support an invented early series.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Estrogen combinations. Only menopausal brands or identified low-dose strengths included. Generic 1 mg/5 mcg launched February 2011; contraceptive doses excluded.
Generic: 2011 (Femhrt/Jinteli 1 mg/5 mcg oral tablets; lower dose differs)
Teva 2011 annual report: Femhrt generic commercial launch
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Progestogens. Oral tablets across menopausal, menstrual and other uses. Contraceptive depot injections excluded; their generic year does not apply.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Progestogens. Therapeutic norethindrone acetate 5 mg tablets, historically used as a progestogen. Includes endometriosis and menstrual uses; excludes 0.35 mg contraception. First generic launched 2001.
Generic: 2001 (5 mg norethindrone acetate oral tablets; not 0.35 mg contraceptive pills)
Barr 2001 report: first generic Aygestin launched
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Vaginal androgen. Prescription vaginal DHEA insert for menopausal dyspareunia. Oral OTC DHEA supplements are excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
intrarosa generic research lead
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Progestogens. Oral micronized progesterone, all indications. Vaginal fertility formulations excluded. First generic capsules launched March 2012.
Generic: 2012 (oral micronized capsules; not vaginal fertility products)
Teva: generic Prometrium launched March 2, 2012
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Oral estrogens. Synthetic conjugated estrogen mixture A, distinct from Premarin and mixture B. Brand discontinuation does not establish a generic launch.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
MedlinePlus estrogen formulations and historical brands
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Oral estrogens. Synthetic conjugated estrogen mixture B, distinct from Premarin and mixture A. Sparse or absent cells remain unknown.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
MedlinePlus estrogen formulations and historical brands
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NIH historical hormone therapy formulation catalog
JAMA: National use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, 1995–2003
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Pharmacy fills for oral anticoagulants, antiplatelets and selected self-injectable anticoagulants, across all indications. Prescription aspirin includes analgesic use; OTC aspirin is not measured. Hospital administrations, thrombolytics, reversal agents and line flushes are excluded. Fixed combinations remain separate from components. Annual MEPS 1996–2024; ~2025–2026 projections. Sparse and masked ingredient data leave gaps; a missing bar does not imply withdrawal. Historical brands identify ingredients, not brand-only totals.
Vitamin K antagonists. Historical U.S. indandione anticoagulant, documented in the 1979 FDA catalog. Sparse or absent survey records do not establish withdrawal dates.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Direct anticoagulants. Oral factor Xa inhibitor. All indications pooled. U.S. generic approvals in 2019 did not establish commercial availability; no U.S. generic for sale in checked 2026 information.
No U.S. commercial generic in checked information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Other antiplatelets. Prescription aspirin fills only. All indications and strengths pooled, including analgesic use; OTC purchases are not measured. This is not total U.S. aspirin consumption or antiplatelet-only use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Antiplatelet combinations. Fixed aspirin/extended-release dipyridamole combination. First generic launched July 1, 2015. Component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: 2015 (aspirin/extended-release dipyridamole capsules; component dates do not apply)
Antiplatelet combinations. Fixed aspirin/omeprazole delayed-release combination. Commercial generic sources conflict; no launch date or brand-only status invented. Component dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
SingleCare Yosprala generic status
Direct anticoagulants. Oral factor Xa inhibitor. Manufacturer permanently stopped production in April 2020 for business reasons and later sought approval withdrawal. Not presented as a safety withdrawal.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Other antiplatelets. PDE3 platelet inhibitor and vasodilator. All indications pooled. Authorized generic shipments began October 18, 2004.
Generic: 2004 (50/100 mg oral tablets; authorized generic)
P2Y12 inhibitors. P2Y12 platelet inhibitor. Apotex generic launched August 8, 2006; an August 31 injunction halted shipments. Existing stock persisted into 2007. Broad generic return May 17, 2012.
Generic: 2006 briefly; shipments halted August 31; stock persisted in 2007; broad return 2012
BMS 2006 filing: Apotex actual launch and injunction
BMS Q2 2007 filing: generic inventory substantially depleted
Direct anticoagulants. Oral direct thrombin inhibitor. Dabigatran etexilate normalized to dabigatran. Verified 2022 generic availability applies to 75/150 mg capsules; pediatric pellets and other strengths differ.
Generic: 2022 (Pradaxa-equivalent 75/150 mg capsules; 110 mg and pediatric pellets have separate histories)
Injectable anticoagulants. Low-molecular-weight heparin. Pharmacy-dispensed injection fills only; hospital administrations excluded. No generic in checked commercial information.
No U.S. commercial generic in checked information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Vitamin K antagonists. Historical U.S. oral anticoagulant; listed by FDA in 1979. Comparable annual fills remain unknown; catalog inclusion does not imply current availability.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Other antiplatelets. Oral platelet inhibitor. Standalone tablets separate from aspirin/dipyridamole combination; IV diagnostic use excluded. Multisupplier marketing predates this timeline.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Direct anticoagulants. Oral factor Xa inhibitor. Sparse or masked survey data remain unknown; absence of a bar does not mean no use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Injectable anticoagulants. Low-molecular-weight heparin. Pharmacy-dispensed injection fills only, not hospital administrations or doses. First generic shipped July 23, 2010.
Generic: 2010 (enoxaparin injections; pharmacy-dispensed self-injectable scope)
Injectable anticoagulants. Indirect factor Xa inhibitor. Pharmacy injection fills only. Actual U.S. generic launch July 25, 2011.
Generic: 2011 (Arixtra-equivalent injections)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
SEC correspondence confirms July 25, 2011 U.S. fondaparinux launch
Injectable anticoagulants. Unfractionated heparin. Only pharmacy records explicitly identifying subcutaneous use qualify. IV infusions, hospital administrations and line flushes excluded; sparse route evidence leaves unknown counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Vitamin K antagonists. Historical U.S. indandione anticoagulant, documented in the 1979 FDA catalog. No supported annual fill series; catalog only.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
P2Y12 inhibitors. P2Y12 platelet inhibitor. Generic marketing and actual U.S. competition documented in 2017; strengths pooled.
Generic: 2017 (5/10 mg oral tablets)
DailyMed manufacturer label: prasugrel marketing start August 2017
Direct anticoagulants. Oral factor Xa inhibitor. All strengths pooled. First verified generic launch March 7, 2025 covered 2.5 mg tablets only; the $ transition does not mean every strength became generic.
Generic: 2025 for 2.5 mg tablets only; pooled ingredient includes other strengths with different histories
Lupin: first generic rivaroxaban 2.5 mg launch March 7, 2025
P2Y12 inhibitors. P2Y12 platelet inhibitor. Actual Teva U.S. generic launch May 2025, distinct from earlier approval records.
Generic: 2025 (60/90 mg oral tablets)
P2Y12 inhibitors. Older P2Y12 platelet inhibitor. First actual generic marketing July 6, 1999. Sparse later cells remain unknown rather than an inferred ingredient withdrawal.
Generic: 1999 (oral tablets)
Injectable anticoagulants. Low-molecular-weight heparin. Specialist history reports a 2011 U.S. recall followed by commercial discontinuation for low usage. Not a claim of worldwide withdrawal.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Other antiplatelets. PAR-1 platelet inhibitor. No generic in checked commercial information. Low-sample public survey cells remain unknown; catalog inclusion does not establish annual count.
No U.S. commercial generic in checked information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Vitamin K antagonists. Vitamin K antagonist. Historical brand names identify the ingredient; all brands and generics are pooled.
Generic: 1997 (oral warfarin tablets)
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral pharmacy fills across all indications. Loop, thiazide-family, potassium-sparing, carbonic anhydrase and aquaretic medicines are included, with related finerenone explicitly identified in Inspect. Diuretic-only fixed combinations remain separate; combinations with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers and other non-diuretic drugs are consistently excluded. Injections, eye drops and ambiguous solution routes are excluded. Annual MEPS 1996–2024; ~2025–2026 projections. Sparse and masked ingredient data leave gaps; a missing bar does not imply withdrawal. Historical brands identify ingredients, not brand-only totals.
Carbonic anhydrase. Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. All indications pooled, including glaucoma, altitude-related and other uses; not a count of edema treatment. Immediate and extended-release oral forms pooled; injections excluded.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Potassium sparing. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Diuretic combinations. Fixed oral diuretic combination, kept separate from both components. Generic Moduretic entry in 1989 does not date standalone amiloride.
Generic: 1989 (Moduretic oral combination; not standalone amiloride)
Thiazide family. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Thiazide family. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Loop diuretics. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Thiazide family. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Thiazide family. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Thiazide family. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Historical Daranide for glaucoma ceased marketing in June 2002; FDA found no safety/effectiveness reason. Later Keveyis treats periodic paralysis. All indications pooled; generic Keveyis shipped in 2023.
Generic: 2023 (Keveyis-equivalent 50 mg oral tablets; historical Daranide supply differs)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Torrent: first generic Keveyis shipping April 2023
Potassium sparing. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA: eplerenone ANDA approval July 2008
Loop diuretics. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: 2016 (oral 25 mg tablets only; injectable generic arrived separately)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
DailyMed: Edenbridge oral ethacrynic acid marketed-product date
Carbonic anhydrase. Historical oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, Cardrase/Ethamide documented in the FDA 1979 catalog. No current availability or prescription volume inferred from that listing.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Potassium sparing. Related nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, included in this broad family. Not a conventional potent decongestive diuretic. All indications pooled; sparse public data remain unknown.
No U.S. commercial generic in checked information; remaining 2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
SingleCare: Kerendia commercial generic status
Loop diuretics. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Thiazide family. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Diuretic combinations. Fixed oral diuretic combination, kept separate from both components. Generic product documented in the Mylan fiscal-1997 catalog; first launch year unresolved.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Diuretic combinations. Fixed oral diuretic combination, kept separate from both components. Dyazide/Maxzide presentations pooled. First generic entry 1987; early supplier interruptions are incompletely documented.
Generic: 1987 (Dyazide/Maxzide oral combinations; not standalone triamterene)
Thiazide family. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Thiazide family. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Carbonic anhydrase. Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, principally an ocular-pressure therapy. Included by pharmacologic family; no claim that fills represent edema treatment.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Thiazide family. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Thiazide family. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Thiazide family. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Thiazide family. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Potassium sparing. Oral mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. All indications pooled, including noncardiac uses. Tablet and identifiable oral liquid forms pooled; tablet generic history does not date Carospir.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Uricosuric diuretic. Historical uricosuric diuretic (tienilic acid). Withdrawn in the U.S. in 1980 after serious hepatic injury. Catalog only; no defensible pre-1996 counts established.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Aquaretics. Vasopressin antagonist (aquaretic). Oral Samsca and Jynarque uses pooled; not an indication-specific count. First generic evidence concerns Samsca-equivalent 30 mg tablets, not every presentation.
Generic: 2020 for Samsca-equivalent 30 mg tablets; pooled ingredient includes other presentations
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
OptumRx: first-time generic Samsca launch
Loop diuretics. Oral loop diuretic. Demadex and later oral presentations pooled; first generic year for Demadex does not establish generic availability for Soaanz. Injections excluded.
Generic: 2002 for Demadex-equivalent tablets; does not date every later formulation
Potassium sparing. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: 2019 (standalone Dyrenium-equivalent oral capsules; combination dates do not apply)
ADVANZ 2020 results: Dyrenium generic competition began in 2019
Thiazide family. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills across all indications. Historical brand identifies the ingredient; brands and strengths are pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral ACE inhibitors, ARBs, aliskiren, ARNI and fixed combinations across all indications. Each combination is counted once; its components are not counted again. MR antagonists are covered in Diuretics. Injections and ambiguous solution routes are excluded. Annual MEPS 1996–2024; ~2025–2026 projections. Sparse and masked data leave gaps; a missing bar does not imply withdrawal. Historical brands identify ingredients, not brand-only totals. Newly approved Widaplik is catalog-only with commercial launch unconfirmed.
Direct renin inhibitor. Direct renin inhibitor. Authorized generic tablets launched March 2019; this did not include Tekturna HCT or other combinations.
Generic: 2019 (150 and 300 mg Tekturna-equivalent tablets; no combination inference)
PDL: authorized generic Tekturna commercial launch
Renin combinations. Fixed combination. MassHealth documented manufacturer discontinuation by February 2017; exact final commercial supply date is unresolved. This does not establish withdrawal of the individual ingredients. Sparse or missing counts remain unknown.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
MassHealth February 2017 prescriber bulletin
Renin combinations. Fixed combination. MassHealth documented manufacturer discontinuation by February 2017; exact final commercial supply date is unresolved. This does not establish withdrawal of the individual ingredients. Sparse or missing counts remain unknown.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
MassHealth February 2017 prescriber bulletin
Renin combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
PDL: authorized generic Tekturna commercial launch
Tekturna HCT formulation status
Renin combinations. Valturna was withdrawn from the U.S. market July 20, 2012 following the ALTITUDE safety findings. This combination withdrawal did not remove standalone aliskiren or valsartan. No bars after 2012.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Novartis: Valturna U.S. withdrawal
ACE combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2007 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Teva2007 third-quarter Form6-K, Lotrel litigation and sales
ARB combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2016 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Sun Pharma October27,2016 authorized generic launches
ARB combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2014 (Exforge HCT-equivalent triple-combination tablets)
Teva: first generic Exforge HCT launch
ARB combinations. Widaplik triple combination received U.S. approval in 2025. Commercial launch was planned for late 2025 but actual first availability is not established in this release. Catalog only; no invented volume or launch date.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
George Medicines: Widaplik U.S. licensing and planned launch
Widaplik manufacturer contact page
ARB combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2016 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Sun Pharma October27,2016 authorized generic launches
ACE combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
ARB combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA generic telmisartan/amlodipine approval
ARB combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2014 (Exforge-equivalent tablets)
Exforge litigation: sales-based actual generic entry
Carlisle Medical: generic Exforge launch
ARBs. Azilsartan medoxomil oral tablets. First generic launched June 17, 2026; this date does not apply to azilsartan/chlorthalidone.
Generic: 2026 (40 and 80 mg Edarbi-equivalent tablets)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Lupin: first U.S. generic Edarbi launch
ARB combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA 2025 first generic approvals
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral pharmacy fills; brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts or current brand availability.
Generic: 2004 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Andrx2004 Form10-K, marketed-products table
ACE combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2004 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Andrx2004 Form10-K, marketed-products table
ARBs. All-indication oral pharmacy fills; brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts or current brand availability.
Generic: 2013 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
ARB combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2012 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Mylan December5,2012 generic Atacand HCT shipment
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral pharmacy fills; brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts or current brand availability.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Blue Cross NC contemporaneous generic formulary, February 2005
ACE combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Blue Cross NC contemporaneous generic formulary, February 2005
ACE inhibitors. Oral enalapril products pooled; IV enalaprilat excluded. Later Epaned oral solution has a separate generic history from conventional Vasotec tablets.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Novartis generics investor day, October 2003
ACE combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Teva 2001 enalapril/HCTZ approval release
Blue Cross NC contemporaneous generic formulary, February 2005
ARBs. All-indication oral pharmacy fills; brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts or current brand availability.
Generic: 2011 (400 and 600 mg Teveten-equivalent tablets)
Mylan: first generic Teveten shipping
ARB combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral pharmacy fills; brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts or current brand availability.
Generic: 2003 (Monopril-equivalent conventional oral tablets)
Novartis 2003 Form 20-F: Sandoz launches
ACE combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FTC authorized generics report, 2011
ARB combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2012 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Mylan September28,2012 commercial shipment announcement
ACE combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2002 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Novartis2002 annual report, recently launched products
ARB combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2010 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Teva second-quarter 2010 report confirms generic Cozaar launch
ACE combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2007 (Uniretic-equivalent tablets; March 2007)
Teva 2007 Form 20-F: U.S. launches and moexipril interruption
ARB combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2016 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Sun Pharma October27,2016 authorized generic launches
ACE combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Blue Cross NC contemporaneous generic formulary, February 2005
FTC authorized generics report, 2011
ARB combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
FDA telmisartan/HCTZ approval letter
ARB combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2012 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Mylan September21,2012 first generic Diovan HCT launch
ARBs. All-indication oral pharmacy fills; brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts or current brand availability.
Generic: 2012 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Mylan September28,2012 commercial shipment announcement
ACE inhibitors. Oral lisinopril products pooled. The 2002 generic date applies to conventional tablets, not later Qbrelis solution.
Generic: 2002 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Novartis2002 annual report, recently launched products
ARBs. All-indication oral pharmacy fills; brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts or current brand availability.
Generic: 2010 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Teva second-quarter 2010 report confirms generic Cozaar launch
ACE inhibitors. Generic tablets first shipped May 2003. Teva suspended manufacturing and sales September 2004 and resumed in 2007. Complete market-wide supply during the interruption is unresolved; first entry does not imply continuous availability.
Generic: 2003 (7.5 and 15 mg oral tablets)
Teva 2003 Form 20-F: actual moexipril shipments
Teva 2007 Form 20-F: U.S. launches and moexipril interruption
ARB combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
ARBs. All-indication oral pharmacy fills; brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts or current brand availability.
Generic: 2016 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Sun Pharma October27,2016 authorized generic launches
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral pharmacy fills; brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts or current brand availability.
Generic: 2009 (perindopril erbumine tablets; not arginine combination)
XOMA 2012 release: U.S. generic Aceon history
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral pharmacy fills; brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts or current brand availability.
Generic: 2004 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Pfizer2004 Form10-K, Accupril discussion
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral pharmacy fills; brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts or current brand availability.
Generic: 2007 (capsules; later tablet formulation differs)
King2007 annual report, Altace generic competition
ARNI. ARNI combines neprilysin inhibition with an ARB. Entresto tablet generic became commercially available in 2025; this does not establish generic availability for Entresto Sprinkle pellets. All-indication oral fills pooled.
Generic: 2025 (Entresto-equivalent tablets, not Sprinkle pellets)
MSN: actual U.S. sacubitril/valsartan launch
ARBs. All-indication oral pharmacy fills; brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts or current brand availability.
Generic: 2014 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Mylan July8,2014 generic Micardis launch
ACE inhibitors. All-indication oral pharmacy fills; brands, strengths and manufacturers pooled. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts or current brand availability.
Generic: 2007 (Mavik-equivalent tablets; February 2007 launch, not earlier approval)
Teva 2007 Form 20-F: U.S. launches and moexipril interruption
ACE combinations. Fixed combination counted once; components are not counted again. All oral strengths and brands pooled; component generic dates do not apply to the combination.
Generic: 2010 (Tarka-equivalent combination with extended-release verapamil)
Federal Circuit 2014 opinion: actual generic Tarka launch
ARBs. Oral valsartan products pooled. The 2014 generic date applies to conventional tablets, not every later liquid presentation. Lot-specific recalls do not imply entire ingredient withdrawal.
Generic: 2014 (conventional oral product; later formulations may differ)
Ranbaxy Q2FY2014–15 results, business highlights
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Recognized Parkinson motor therapies across all indications. Counts include restless legs, endocrine and drug-induced movement-disorder uses where applicable. Fixed combinations counted once. Oral release forms pooled; inhaled and intestinal levodopa separate. Depression patches, identified Cycloset and inpatient administrations excluded. Annual MEPS1996–2024; ~2025–2026 projections. Sparse/masked identities leave gaps; missing bars or recent declines do not prove withdrawal or a true market decline. New and historical low-sample drugs remain inspectable without invented volume.
Amantadine. Oral amantadine across indications, including historical influenza use. Immediate and extended-release formulations pooled; Gocovri/Osmolex histories differ from older generic products.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Amarin2007 filing: contemporaneous treatment landscape
Dopamine agonists. Pharmacy apomorphine rescue/infusion formulations pooled. Generic2022 applies only to Apokyn-compatible cartridges, initially limited supply; not sublingual film or continuous infusion. Onapgo launchedApril2025. No invented prescription counts. Manufacturer reported resumed new-patient initiation inFebruary2026 after supply constraints; not a full ingredient withdrawal.
Generic: 2022 (Apokyn-equivalent30mg/3mL injection cartridge only; not film or infusion)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
TruPharma first generic Apokyn cartridges
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
Anticholinergics. Oral anticholinergic fills include drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. Injection records excluded; not Parkinson-specific use.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Amarin2007 filing: contemporaneous treatment landscape
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
Anticholinergics. Historical US anticholinergic therapy; Akineton. Catalog inclusion does not imply current availability. Sparse observed fills remain unquantified.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Oregon Health Plan current antiparkinson formulation list
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
Dopamine agonists. Parlodel-family oral fills include endocrine indications, not only Parkinson disease. Identified Cycloset diabetes-specific records excluded; generic-name records cannot fully resolve indication. First generic year unresolved.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Oregon Health Plan current antiparkinson formulation list
Levodopa therapies. Standalone carbidopa used with levodopa. Does not double-count combination-product fills. First commercial generic25mg tablets2014.
Generic: 2014 (Lodosyn-equivalent25mg standalone tablets; not carbidopa/levodopa)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Amerigen first generic Lodosyn actual launch
COMT inhibitors. Stalevo three-ingredient oral combination counted once, separately from each component. Authorized generic2012 initially covered selected strengths.
Generic: 2012 (Stalevo combination tablets; initial50/75/125/200mg levodopa strengths; not every strength)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Wockhardt Stalevo authorized generic commercial launch
Levodopa therapies. Oral carbidopa/levodopa, including immediate and extended-release products, pooled. Sinemet is a historical identifier; Rytary and Crexont have distinct formulations and generic histories. Intestinal Duopa is separate. Sparse or masked recent identities can lower observed coverage; apparent declines do not prove a market decline.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Oregon Health Plan current antiparkinson formulation list
Levodopa therapies. Duopa carbidopa/levodopa enteral suspension. Pharmacy dispensing, not device placements or administration sessions. Separate from oral combination; annual volume unknown.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Oregon Health Plan current antiparkinson formulation list
COMT inhibitors. COMT inhibitor tablets; standalone fills separate from Stalevo. Authorized generic commercially launchedOctober2012.
Generic: 2012 (Comtan-equivalent tablets; authorized generic)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Wockhardt November2012 investor communication
Anticholinergics. Historical US anticholinergic therapy; Parsidol. FDA1970 review supports inclusion, not current availability or a quantitative series.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Oregon Health Plan current antiparkinson formulation list
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
Levodopa therapies. Vyalev subcutaneous prodrug combination, distinct from carbidopa/levodopa tablets. Pharmacy dispensing only; no pump-enrollment or sales-dollar conversion into prescriptions.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Oregon Health Plan current antiparkinson formulation list
Adenosine antagonist. Nourianz adenosine A2A antagonist adjunct to levodopa therapy. No defensible identified annual counts; not extrapolated from sales or patients.
No US commercial generic in checked2026 information; remaining2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier first-year history not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Current US nourianz generic availability
Levodopa therapies. Historical oral levodopa monotherapy. Inhaled levodopa and combinations separate; no defensible annual survey series.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Oregon Health Plan current antiparkinson formulation list
Levodopa therapies. Inbrija inhaled levodopa for OFF episodes. Separate from oral levodopa; pharmacy fills only. No defensible annual counts.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Oregon Health Plan current antiparkinson formulation list
COMT inhibitors. Ongentys once-daily COMT inhibitor; catalog-only because identified national pharmacy sample is insufficient.
No US commercial generic in checked2026 information; remaining2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier first-year history not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Current US ongentys generic availability
Dopamine agonists. Permax and generic pergolide withdrawn from US human market in2007 over serious heart-valve damage risk. Generic oral launchJanuary2003. Last eligible calendar year2007; animal/compounded supply not counted as routine human pharmacy dispensing.
Generic: 2003 (oral tablets; Teva launch January)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Amarin May 14, 2003 filing: Teva launch January 2003
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
Dopamine agonists. All-indication oral fills include restless legs syndrome. Immediate/extended-release products pooled; generic2010 refers to conventional Mirapex tablets, not every ER formulation.
Generic: 2010 (Mirapex-equivalent immediate-release tablets; ER products have separate generic histories)
Teva first-quarter2010 actual US launches
Anticholinergics. Historical US anticholinergic therapy; Kemadrin. Catalog inclusion does not imply current availability. Sparse observed fills remain unquantified.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Oregon Health Plan current antiparkinson formulation list
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
MAO-B inhibitors. Oral MAO-B inhibitor; US generic commercial year2017 verified. No national count inferred from sales dollars.
Generic: 2017 (Azilect-equivalent0.5/1mg tablets; year only, not claim Mylan was first supplier)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Mylan US rasagiline commercial launch
Dopamine agonists. All-indication oral fills include restless legs syndrome. Immediate/extended-release products pooled; generic2008 refers to conventional tablets, not Requip XL.
Generic: 2008 (Requip-equivalent immediate-release oral tablets; not XL)
Roxane May2008 immediate commercial availability
Dopamine agonists. Neupro patch treats Parkinson symptoms and restless legs. US launchJuly2007; recalledApril2008 for specification problems; returnedJuly16,2012. No US availability assumed2009–2011. European generic launches do not date US entry.
No US commercial generic in checked2026 information; remaining2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier first-year history not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Current US neupro generic availability
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NINDS Parkinson disease treatment families
MAO-B inhibitors. Oral MAO-B inhibitor adjunct. Future generic permission under agreements is not commercial availability; exact first generic launch unresolved.
No US commercial generic in checked2026 information; remaining2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier first-year history not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Current US xadago generic availability
Newron2025 annual report published2026
MAO-B inhibitors. Oral selegiline pooled, including disintegrating tablets; Emsam depression patches excluded. Generic approval1996 is not enough to assign first commercial year. Older conventional and Zelapar formulations differ.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Dopamine agonists. Juvmo selectiveD1/D5dopamine agonist approved2026. First commercial shipment not established in this review; no quantitative launch ramp invented. Manufacturer US free-trial program exists; this does not date first paid commercial shipment.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Oregon Health Plan current antiparkinson formulation list
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
NINDS Parkinson disease treatment families
COMT inhibitors. COMT inhibitor tablets.2018 supplier listing is not proof of earliest generic entry; earlier2015 approval lead needs commercial confirmation.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Tolcapone manufacturer labeling
Anticholinergics. Oral anticholinergic fills include drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. Historical Artane name identifies ingredient, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Amarin2007 filing: contemporaneous treatment landscape
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
US antiretroviral single agents and fixed combinations. Each household pharmacy fill counted once; combinations are not also credited to their components. Includes prevention and hepatitis B use where applicable. TDF and TAF are distinct; ambiguous prodrugs excluded. Clinic administrations, Paxlovid, standalone cobicistat and HBV-only Vemlidy excluded. Annual MEPS 1996–2024 reviewed; supported bars occur through 2020. No 2024 product meets the projection threshold, so 2025–2026 remain unknown. Empty recent frames do not mean HIV medicines disappeared. Sparse or masked cells remain unknown. Missing bars do not imply withdrawal. The catalog retains newer and historical medicines without invented volumes.
NRTIs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Contemporaneous pharmacy account of early generic entries
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components.
Generic: 2016 (Epzicom 600/300 mg tablets)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components.
Generic: 2013 (Trizivir 300/150/300 mg tablets)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Lupin December 2013 US commercial launch
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Protease inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
Protease inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2017 (Reyataz-equivalent capsules; not oral powder or Evotaz)
Teva first generic Reyataz US launch
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components. TDF and TAF are distinct prodrugs; ambiguous survey identities are excluded unless the reported product name resolves the formulation.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. Approved in 2026; no observed pharmacy-fill series or invented launch ramp. Fixed-combination fill counted once. First commercial shipment is not inferred from approval.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
Integrase inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Clinic administrations are outside this pharmacy-fill series; catalog entry does not invent a volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
Integrase inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components. Clinic administrations are outside this pharmacy-fill series; catalog entry does not invent a volume.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components. TDF and TAF are distinct prodrugs; ambiguous survey identities are excluded unless the reported product name resolves the formulation.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components. TDF and TAF are distinct prodrugs; ambiguous survey identities are excluded unless the reported product name resolves the formulation.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components. TDF and TAF are distinct prodrugs; ambiguous survey identities are excluded unless the reported product name resolves the formulation.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Protease inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2023 (Prezista-equivalent 600/800 mg tablets; not suspension or combinations)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Lupin actual US darunavir launch
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
NNRTIs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
NRTIs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2004 (Videx EC delayed-release capsules; not every historical oral formulation)
Gilead 2013 annual report: US commercial generic history
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Integrase inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
NNRTIs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components. TDF and TAF are distinct prodrugs; ambiguous survey identities are excluded unless the reported product name resolves the formulation.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
NNRTIs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2017 (Sustiva-equivalent 600 mg tablet; capsule strengths may differ)
Gilead 2017 annual report confirms US efavirenz entry
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components. TDF and TAF are distinct prodrugs; ambiguous survey identities are excluded unless the reported product name resolves the formulation.
Generic: 2020 (Atripla-equivalent EFV/FTC/TDF 600/200/300 mg tablets)
Teva first generic Truvada and Atripla US launches
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components. TDF and TAF are distinct prodrugs; ambiguous survey identities are excluded unless the reported product name resolves the formulation.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
Integrase inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
NRTIs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components. TDF and TAF are distinct prodrugs; ambiguous survey identities are excluded unless the reported product name resolves the formulation.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components. TDF and TAF are distinct prodrugs; ambiguous survey identities are excluded unless the reported product name resolves the formulation.
Generic: 2025 (Complera-equivalent FTC/RPV/TDF tablets; not Odefsey)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Prime Therapeutics first-generic launch report
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components. TDF and TAF are distinct prodrugs; ambiguous survey identities are excluded unless the reported product name resolves the formulation.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components. TDF and TAF are distinct prodrugs; ambiguous survey identities are excluded unless the reported product name resolves the formulation.
Generic: 2020 (Truvada-equivalent FTC/TDF 200/300 mg tablets; not Descovy)
Teva first generic Truvada and Atripla US launches
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Entry / capsid inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
NNRTIs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Vermont generic etravirine manufacturer filing
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Protease inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
Entry / capsid inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Entry / capsid inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Clinic administrations are outside this pharmacy-fill series; catalog entry does not invent a volume.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Protease inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
NRTIs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Contemporaneous pharmacy account of early generic entries
Gilead 2013 annual report: US commercial generic history
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components. TDF and TAF are distinct prodrugs; ambiguous survey identities are excluded unless the reported product name resolves the formulation.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components.
Generic: 2011 (Combivir 150/300 mg tablets)
Teva 2011 annual report actual US launches
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Entry / capsid inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Clinic administrations are outside this pharmacy-fill series; catalog entry does not invent a volume.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Entry / capsid inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Fixed combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. Each combination fill is counted once, never also credited to its components.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Camber actual US Kaletra tablet launch
Lannett generic Kaletra solution approval notice
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Entry / capsid inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
i3 actual supplier launch chronology
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Protease inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
NNRTIs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2012 (Viramune immediate-release 200 mg tablet; not XR)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Mylan May 2012 US nevirapine launch
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Integrase inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
NNRTIs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
Protease inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2018 (Norvir-equivalent 100 mg tablets; not oral solution or fixed combinations)
Hikma first generic Norvir tablets launched
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Protease inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
NRTIs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2008 (Zerit-equivalent oral products)
Gilead 2013 annual report: US commercial generic history
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
NRTIs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume. TDF and TAF are distinct prodrugs; ambiguous survey identities are excluded unless the reported product name resolves the formulation.
Generic: 2017 (Viread-equivalent TDF 300 mg tablets; pediatric forms may differ)
Teva actual US Viread generic launch
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Protease inhibitors. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Brand-only formulation in checked 2026 NIH marketplace inventory; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology not assigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
NRTIs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first US commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH September 2026 formulation and generic pricing inventory
NIH historical HIV approval timeline
NRTIs. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; treatment, prevention and hepatitis B uses may contribute where applicable. Brand is a reference label, not brand-only volume.
Generic: 2005 (Retrovir-equivalent oral products; not IV administration)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Gilead 2013 annual report: US commercial generic history
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicine documentation
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Herpes, influenza, hepatitis and COVID pharmacy products, including historical medicines. All indications: amantadine may be used for Parkinson disease, and lamivudine or tenofovir for HIV. These are not disease-specific counts. Each combination or co-pack fill counted once. TDF and TAF remain distinct. Prescription skin treatments and inhaled zanamivir included; ophthalmic drugs, OTC products and clinic/IV administrations excluded. Annual MEPS 1996–2024 reviewed; ~2025–2026 values use the documented shared forecast only where the 2024 sample supports it. Flu/COVID season changes are not predicted. Sparse or masked cells remain unknown, never zero. New 2026 hepatitis medicines remain in the catalog without invented dispensing volumes or commercial launch dates.
Herpes / CMV. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Contemporaneous 1997 Zovirax market report lead
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Herpes / CMV. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: 2013 (5% ointment; cream has separate generic chronology, not assigned 2013)
Mylan first generic Zovirax ointment launch
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Herpes / CMV. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH valacyclovir product record
Hepatitis B / D. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: 2013 (Hepsera-equivalent adefovir dipivoxil tablets)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Sigmapharm corporate launch chronology
Influenza. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once. Includes Parkinson and other non-influenza uses. Gocovri and Osmolex ER formulations excluded. Modern flu resistance makes these counts unsuitable as influenza-treatment volume.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Influenza. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once. First US generic approval June 2026 is not a commercial launch; no generic shipment established.
Brand-only in checked October 2026 US marketplace review; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology unassigned.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA first generic baloxavir approval
Lotus/Norwich June 29, 2026 approval announcement
Pharmacist current US baloxavir availability review
Hepatitis B / D. FDA announced approval October 20, 2026 for hepatitis B. Catalog context only; pharmacy distribution, first commercial shipment and prescription volume unresolved. No invented launch ramp.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA bepirovirsen approval announcement
Hepatitis C. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Hepatitis B / D. FDA approved May 22, 2026 for hepatitis D. Injectable catalog entry; no supported pharmacy fill estimate or assumed commercial launch.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA first HDV therapy approval
Hepatitis C. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Hepatitis C. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Hepatitis C. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Hepatitis B / D. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: 2014 (0.5/1 mg tablets; oral solution chronology separate)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Teva first generic Baraclude tablets
Herpes / CMV. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once. First generic shipments September 2007; temporary sales injunction that month lifted September 28. Annual marker follows 2007 entry.
Generic: 2007 (125/250/500 mg tablets)
Teva first Famvir generic shipments
Teva temporary Famvir injunction announcement
Teva September 28, 2007 court outcome
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Herpes / CMV. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: 2003 (Cytovene-equivalent capsules; not ophthalmic formulation. Injectable supply excluded.)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA 2003 year-end report, republished with FDA attribution
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Hepatitis C. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Interferons. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once. Pharmacy-dispensed self-injections eligible; administered clinic infusions excluded. Other indications may contribute.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
University of Washington HBV/HDV product catalog
Interferons. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once. Pharmacy-dispensed self-injections eligible; administered clinic infusions excluded. Other indications may contribute.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
University of Washington HBV/HDV product catalog
Interferons. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once. Pharmacy-dispensed self-injections eligible; administered clinic infusions excluded. Other indications may contribute.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
University of Washington HBV/HDV product catalog
Interferons. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once. Pharmacy-dispensed self-injections eligible; administered clinic infusions excluded. Other indications may contribute.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
University of Washington HBV/HDV product catalog
Hepatitis B / D. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once. Includes HIV and hepatitis B uses; counts cannot be assigned to hepatitis B alone. TDF and TAF remain distinct.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Contemporaneous generic launch tracker
Hepatitis C. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: 2019 (Adult tablets, authorized generics; pediatric pellets/strengths separate)
HHS OIG 2022 report page 11, launch and observed utilization
Herpes / CMV. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH valacyclovir product record
Herpes / CMV. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH valacyclovir product record
COVID-19. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once. US emergency-use authorization is distinct from full FDA approval; no invented recent volume.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
COVID-19. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Brand-only in checked October 2026 US marketplace review; remainder of 2026 assumed unchanged. Earlier generic chronology unassigned.
Pharmacist current US Paxlovid availability review
Hepatitis C. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Influenza. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: 2016 (Capsules first 2016; suspension followed 2017. Pooled oral marker follows earliest eligible form.)
Alvogen first US Tamiflu generic capsules
Alvogen first US generic Tamiflu suspension
Interferons. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once. Pharmacy-dispensed self-injections eligible; administered clinic infusions excluded. Other indications may contribute.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
University of Washington HBV/HDV product catalog
Interferons. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once. Pharmacy-dispensed self-injections eligible; administered clinic infusions excluded. Other indications may contribute.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
University of Washington HBV/HDV product catalog
Herpes / CMV. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Teva 2022 annual report indexed launch table
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Hepatitis C. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: 2004 (Rebetol-equivalent capsules; later tablet and solution histories differ)
Influenza. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once. Historical influenza medicine; current CDC guidance does not recommend it because of resistance.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Hepatitis C. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Hepatitis C. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Hepatitis C. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: 2019 (Adult tablets, authorized generics; pediatric pellets/strengths separate)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
HHS OIG 2022 report page 11, launch and observed utilization
Hepatitis C. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Hepatitis C. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Hepatitis B / D. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Hepatitis B / D. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Hepatitis B / D. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once. Includes HIV and hepatitis B uses; counts cannot be assigned to hepatitis B alone. TDF and TAF remain distinct.
Generic: 2017 (Viread-equivalent TDF 300 mg tablets; pediatric forms may differ)
Teva actual US Viread generic launch
Herpes / CMV. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: 2009 (Valtrex-equivalent oral tablets)
GSK 2009 annual report, page 28
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Herpes / CMV. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: 2014 (450 mg tablets; not powder for oral solution)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Endo first generic Valcyte commercial availability
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Influenza. All-indication US outpatient pharmacy fills. Historical trade name is a reference, not brand-specific volume. Strengths and oral release forms pooled; combinations counted once.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral, skin, vaginal, mucosal and eye prescriptions. Each fixed-combination fill counted once. OTC-capable products contribute only recorded prescribed pharmacy events; no OTC sales added. IV and hospital administrations excluded. Annual MEPS 1996–2024 reviewed; ~2025–2026 values use the documented shared forecast only where the 2024 sample supports it. Sparse/masked cells remain unknown. No defensible comparable pre-1996 series established. The catalog includes newer and uncommon therapies without inventing volumes. Historical brand labels are references, not brand-only counts.
Other local. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Combinations. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories. Antifungal/corticosteroid fixed combination; each fill counted once.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Other local. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Local azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Perrigo 2012 approval and planned launch
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Other local. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Local azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Local oral troches/lozenges; skin/vaginal formulations separate.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Local azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Local azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Local azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Acrux generic approval, June 2021
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Oral azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero.
Generic: 2004 (Oral tablets first 2004; suspension chronology separate. Pooled oral marker follows earliest eligible formulation.)
Teva 2004 SEC report launch table
Teva July 2004 tablet and injection announcement
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Other oral. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero.
Generic: 2011 (250/500 mg capsules)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Rising first generic Ancobon commercial launch
Other oral. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Microsize, ultramicrosize and liquid formulations pooled; first generic liquid history unresolved.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Rising Grifulvin V launch announcement
Other oral. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Brexafemme had a September 2023 two-lot recall for potential cross-contamination. Later supply status unresolved; no invented return or dispensing ramp.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA-hosted SCYNEXIS recall announcement
Oral azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Oral azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Original capsules, oral solution and absorption-enhanced formulations pooled; first generic marker follows original capsules.
Generic: 2005 (Original 100 mg capsules; solution and newer bioavailability formulations have separate histories.)
Novartis 2005 annual report p121
FTC-hosted P&G petition, November 2005
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Oral azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Oral tablet series is separate from skin/shampoo products; recorded use does not imply recommended prescribing.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Local azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Teva first generic ketoconazole cream announcement
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Local azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Local azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Buccal miconazole; skin/vaginal products separate.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Local azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Combinations. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories. Vusion also contains white petrolatum; MEPS abbreviated identity retained. Each combination fill counted once.
Generic: 2018 (Vusion ointment containing miconazole, zinc oxide and white petrolatum; authorized generic)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Mylan Vusion authorized-generic labeling
Other local. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: 2% cream marketed 2016; earlier 1% entry unresolved
Naftifine cream manufacturer marketing record
Virginia Medicaid P&T October 2015 minutes
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Other local. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Ophthalmic suspension only. A labeler/package ending marketing does not establish ingredient withdrawal.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Other local. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Oral suspension/tablets act locally; skin/vaginal forms separate.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Other local. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Combinations. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories. Antifungal/corticosteroid fixed combination; each fill counted once.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Oral azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Local azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: 2016 (1% cream; lotion generic chronology separate.)
Oxiconazole cream manufacturer marketing record
Taro launch reported in Pharmacy Times
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Oral azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero.
Generic: 2019 (Delayed-release tablets 2019; suspension 2023. IV excluded; pooled oral marker follows earliest eligible form.)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Lannett FY2020 SEC launch table
Endo Noxafil suspension shipping announcement
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Local azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Local azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Other local. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: 2020 (5% topical nail solution)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA 2020 first generic approvals
Alembic tavaborole manufacturer marketing record
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Other oral. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero.
Generic: 2007 (250 mg oral tablets; does not assign cream/granule availability.)
Teva July 2007 immediate Lamisil shipments
Other local. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Local azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Local azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Other local. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Other local. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero. Skin/vaginal formulations follow the supplied generic identity; no OTC sales added. Different formulations may have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Oral azoles. Prescribed pharmacy fills across indications and brands. A historical trade label does not mean brand-only volume. Sparse or masked years are unknown, not zero.
Generic: 2011 (Tablets 2011; suspension 2013. IV excluded.)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Mylan first Vfend tablet launch announcement
Mylan first Vfend oral suspension launch
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral, nasal, eye and skin prescriptions, including selected fixed combinations. Each fixed-combination fill counted once. Oral/rectal non-injected older antihistamines pooled where supplied. OTC switches can reduce prescription counts without reducing total use. OTC-capable products contribute only recorded prescribed pharmacy events; no OTC sales added. IV and hospital administrations excluded. Annual MEPS 1996–2024 reviewed; ~2025–2026 values use the documented shared forecast only where the 2024 sample supports it. Sparse/masked cells remain unknown. No defensible comparable pre-1996 series established. The catalog includes newer and uncommon therapies without inventing volumes. Historical brand labels are references, not brand-only counts.
Eye / skin. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Eye formulation, separate from oral or nasal products.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Eye / skin. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Eye formulation, separate from oral or nasal products.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Newer oral. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Historical withdrawn medicine; later sparse records do not establish a return to market. Withdrawn June 18, 1999 for cardiac risk; retain withdrawal-year fills, no bar from 2000.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Schering 2003 SEC quarterly report
FDA prescription-to-nonprescription switch list
Nasal. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Nasal formulation, separate from oral or eye products.
Generic: 2010 (Original Astelin 0.1% nasal spray; later Astepro strengths and OTC switch separate.)
Eye / skin. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Eye formulation, separate from oral or nasal products.
Generic: 2010 (0.05% ophthalmic solution; nasal history separate.)
Caraco azelastine shipment report
Nasal. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Nasal formulation, separate from oral or eye products.
Generic: 2020 (Fixed-combination nasal spray; first Apotex then Mylan authorized generic.)
Delaware court commercial launch chronology
Eye / skin. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Eye formulation, separate from oral or nasal products.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA 2019 first generic approvals
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Newer oral. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Schering 2003 SEC quarterly report
FDA prescription-to-nonprescription switch list
Eye / skin. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Eye formulation, separate from oral or nasal products.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Perrigo planned cetirizine/pseudoephedrine launch
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Newer oral. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Schering 2003 SEC quarterly report
FDA prescription-to-nonprescription switch list
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Eye / skin. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Eye / skin. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply. Modern Diclegis/Bonjesta forms differ from historical Bendectin; do not infer ingredient withdrawal from one brand.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Eye / skin. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Eye formulation, separate from oral or nasal products.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Eye / skin. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Eye formulation, separate from oral or nasal products.
Generic: 2011 (0.05% ophthalmic solution)
Inspire 2011 SEC quarterly report
Newer oral. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use.
Generic: 2005 (Oral tablets; suspension differs. OTC switch is a separate event.)
Teva/Barr actual generic Allegra launch
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Schering 2003 SEC quarterly report
FDA prescription-to-nonprescription switch list
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: 2009 (12-hour 60/120 mg fixed tablets; 24-hour form differs.)
Teva commercial Allegra-D launch
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use. Hydrochloride and pamoate pooled; first generic histories unresolved.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Eye / skin. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Eye formulation, separate from oral or nasal products.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Newer oral. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use.
Generic: 2010 (5 mg oral tablets; solution chronology separate.)
Perrigo 2011 investor presentation
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Schering 2003 SEC quarterly report
FDA prescription-to-nonprescription switch list
Newer oral. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use.
Generic: 2002 (Oral tablet first competition; dissolving and liquid forms differ. OTC alternative counts as commercial generic availability, but OTC sales are not Rx counts.)
Schering 2003 SEC quarterly report
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
FDA prescription-to-nonprescription switch list
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: 2003 (12/24-hour competing formulations marketed 2003; not ingredient-alone 2002.)
Impax SEC 2014 quarterly report
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Nasal. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Nasal formulation, separate from oral or eye products.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Eye / skin. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Eye formulation, separate from oral or nasal products.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Nasal. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Nasal formulation, separate from oral or eye products.
Generic: 2014 (665 mcg/spray nasal solution)
Apotex manufacturer marketing record
Eye / skin. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Eye formulation, separate from oral or nasal products.
Generic: 2015 (0.1% eye drops first; 0.2%/0.7% differ. Pooled marker does not claim every strength generic.)
Rising December 2015 commercial introduction
Patanol dispensing-market confirmation
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply. Historical withdrawn medicine; later sparse records do not establish a return to market. Withdrawn early 1998; retain withdrawal-year survey fills, no bar from 1999.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Combinations. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Fixed combination counted once; component generic dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Newer oral. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Historical withdrawn medicine; later sparse records do not establish a return to market. Withdrawn early 1998; retain withdrawal-year survey fills, no bar from 1999.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Schering 2003 SEC quarterly report
FDA prescription-to-nonprescription switch list
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Older H1. All-indication prescribed pharmacy fills; brands and strengths pooled. Historical brand labels are references. OTC sales are not included; fewer prescriptions do not establish lower total use. Oral and other non-injected formulations pooled where supplied; includes non-allergy use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Bars move gradually from the last supported value to the next, across every intervening year. These interpolated counts use ~ when both anchors support numbers; otherwise counts stay blank. Beyond the last supported value, the bar retains its last relative size with no count. No backward extrapolation before the first anchor. Verified withdrawal dates and market interruptions remain in force. Raw survey observations are preserved. Only the top available rows are shown, so a medicine can still leave the visible ranking as others overtake it.
Eye-drop prescriptions plus oral acetazolamide and methazolamide, including fixed combinations and historical products. Each combination fill counted once. All indications within retained formulations, not glaucoma-only patient counts. Other oral drugs, implants, injections, OTC sales and known eyelash, redness and presbyopia-only brands excluded; generic records can retain unidentified other ocular use. Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor counts include other indications such as altitude-related use; they are not glaucoma-only fills. Annual MEPS 1996–2024 reviewed; ~2025–2026 projections only where the 2024 sample supports them. Bars move gradually through missing years; absent later anchors retain last relative size with blank counts. No defensible comparable pre-1996 series established. Catalog-only therapies have no invented volumes. Dipivefrin and metipranolol stop at the documented 2020 discontinued-list bound; exact exit years remain unresolved. Historical brands are references, not brand-only counts.
Alpha agonists. Alpha-2 agonist eye drops; short-term adjunctive and peri-procedure uses may be included in pharmacy fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Apraclonidine manufacturer labeling
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Beta blockers. Beta-blocker eye drops; oral betaxolol excluded. Solution and suspension generic histories differ.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Prostaglandins. Prostaglandin eye drops. Known Latisse eyelash products and Durysta implants excluded; unidentified non-glaucoma use cannot be ruled out. Strengths pooled; 0.01% and 0.03% have different generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Lupin generic Lumigan approval announcement
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Alpha agonists. Alpha-2 agonist eye drops. Known OTC Lumify redness products excluded. First generic marker refers to 0.2%; later 0.1% and 0.15% formulations differ. Original Alphagan brand cessation was not ingredient withdrawal.
Generic: 2003 (First 0.2% solution; 0.15%, 0.1% and OTC redness products have different histories; known Lumify excluded.)
Alcon 2004 annual report: Falcon introductions
Allergan 2003 report: first brimonidine generic
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Combinations. Fixed alpha-2 agonist/carbonic anhydrase inhibitor eye drops, counted once. Individual ingredient generic dates do not establish combination availability.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Combinations. Fixed alpha-2 agonist/beta-blocker eye drops, counted once per fill. Actual authorized generic launch January 2022; component dates do not apply.
Generic: 2022 (Fixed 0.2%/0.5% ophthalmic solution; component generic dates do not apply.)
Apotex first-to-market authorized generic Combigan
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Carbonic anhydrase. Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; 1% suspension. Generic launch was March 2021, distinct from approval.
Generic: 2021 (1% ophthalmic suspension; fixed combination separate.)
Teva first generic Azopt launch
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Miotics. Historical cholinergic eye drops. Intraocular Miostat for surgery excluded; product listing does not establish current availability.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Beta blockers. Beta-blocker eye drops. A discontinued brand does not establish disappearance of the ingredient.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Miotics. Historical cholinesterase-inhibiting miotic eye drops. No supported count in this series; catalog only, not evidence of current availability.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Alpha agonists. Adrenergic epinephrine prodrug eye drops. All FDA-listed products are discontinued by 2020; exact US exit year unresolved within 2011–2020. Display stops at 2020 as a documented absence bound, not a claimed 2020 withdrawal.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
FDA Orange Book 2011 (archived copy)
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Carbonic anhydrase. Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; 2% solution. Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors excluded.
Generic: 2008 (Original 2% ophthalmic solution.)
Prasco begins shipping generic Trusopt and Cosopt
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Combinations. Fixed carbonic anhydrase inhibitor/beta-blocker eye drops, counted once. Original preserved and later preservative-free products differ; 2008 marker refers to original solution.
Generic: 2008 (Original preserved 2%/0.5% solution; later preservative-free formulation distinct.)
Prasco begins shipping generic Trusopt and Cosopt
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Miotics. Cholinesterase-inhibiting eye drops. Pfizer stopped sole supply in 2021; Fera relaunched June 1, 2022. Brand transfer/relaunch is not generic entry. No supported volume is invented.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
ASHP/Utah echothiophate supply report
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Alpha agonists. Historical adrenergic eye drops only. Injectable epinephrine and systemic use excluded. Exact exit and earliest generic history unresolved.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Prostaglandins. Prostaglandin eye drops. Preserved, preservative-free and emulsion versions pooled where identified; the first generic marker refers to original 0.005% solution, not every formulation.
Generic: 2011 (Original preserved 0.005% ophthalmic solution; later preservative-free/emulsion forms differ.)
Mylan latanoprost shipment announcement
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Combinations. Fixed prostaglandin/Rho kinase inhibitor eye drops, counted once. Generic settlement permission is not an actual launch.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Prostaglandins. Nitric-oxide donating prostaglandin eye drops. Generic approval or a future patent settlement is not proof of pharmacy availability.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Beta blockers. Beta-blocker eye drops. Brand reference includes generic fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Beta blockers. Beta-blocker eye drops. Brand and generic appear on FDA 2020 discontinued list; exact US exit year unresolved within 2011–2020. Display stops at 2020 as a documented absence bound, not a claimed 2020 withdrawal. UK withdrawal dates are not US dates.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
FDA Orange Book 2011 (archived copy)
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Rho kinase. Rho kinase inhibitor eye drops; fixed combination with latanoprost separate.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Miotics. Miotic eye drops only; oral dry-mouth therapy excluded. Known presbyopia brands Vuity, Qlosi, Vizz and Yuvezzi excluded. Generic records without identifiable indication may include other ocular use.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Prostaglandins. Preservative-free prostaglandin eye drops.
Generic: 2022 (0.0015% preservative-free ophthalmic solution.)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Prasco authorized generic Zioptan launch
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Beta blockers. Beta-blocker eye drops; oral timolol excluded. Original solutions, gel-forming and preservative-free versions have distinct generic histories. Stopped Timoptic presentations do not mean ingredient withdrawal.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Prostaglandins. Prostaglandin eye drops; original and ionic-buffered formulations pooled. iDose implants excluded. First generic launch unresolved; approval dates not substituted.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Prostaglandins. Prostone eye drops. Rescula returned in February 2013. US marketing stopped in late 2014; remaining supply expired March 2015; authorization withdrawn June 2016. No bars from 2016. Earlier supply interruption dates unresolved; no invented bridge.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Oral glaucoma medicine; all indications pooled, including altitude-related and other use for acetazolamide. These are not glaucoma-only fills. Oral release forms pooled; injections excluded. Reused from the audited Diuretics series.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
FDA 1979 proposed approved-drug catalog
Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Oral glaucoma medicine; all indications pooled, including altitude-related and other use for acetazolamide. These are not glaucoma-only fills. Oral release forms pooled; injections excluded. Reused from the audited Diuretics series.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA 1979 proposed approved-drug catalog
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Topical skin prescription fills, including fixed combinations counted once. All retained indications: rosacea, psoriasis and photoaging use may remain. Oral drugs, eye and vaginal products, injections, known Zilxi records and OTC sales excluded. An OTC switch can reduce prescription fills without reducing total use. Annual MEPS 1996–2024 reviewed; ~2025–2026 projections only where the 2024 sample supports them. Bars move gradually between supported anchors; after the final anchor without a later estimate, retain relative size with blank count. No defensible comparable pre-1996 series established. Catalog-only therapies have no invented volumes. Historical brands are references, not brand-only counts. Formulation-specific generic dates do not imply that every strength or delivery form became generic simultaneously.
Retinoids. Topical retinoid. Includes only recorded prescribed pharmacy fills, not OTC sales. The generic marker refers to original 0.1% gel; other strengths and creams differ.
Generic: 2010 (Original 0.1% topical gel. Other strengths/cream and OTC transition separate.)
Teva actual generic Differin launch
Combinations. Fixed combination counted once. Original 0.1%/2.5% generic launched July 2017; Forte 0.3%/2.5% authorized generic launched December 2021.
Generic: 2017 (Original 0.1%/2.5% gel first; Forte 0.3%/2.5% in 2021.)
Teva actual generic Epiduo launch
Teva authorized generic Epiduo Forte launch
Combinations. Three-ingredient fixed combination counted once. Cabtreo US availability announced January 30, 2024. Sparse survey record retained in audit; no invented numeric bar.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Bausch announces Cabtreo US availability
Azelaic acid. 20% cream and 15% gel/foam pooled where identified, including rosacea use. Generic 15% gel marketed in 2018; this does not mean every strength or formulation became generic then.
Generic: 2018 (15% gel; 20% cream and foam are separate. Pooled marker denotes first verified formulation, not all products.)
Glenmark 2018 quarter report confirms US launch
FDA 2018 first generic approvals
Benzoyl peroxide. Recorded prescribed topical pharmacy events only; no OTC sales added. Different strengths and washes/gels pooled. Generic history cannot be reduced to a patent-expiration date.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Combinations. Fixed combinations counted once. First generic BenzaClin 1%/5% marketed August 2009; Duac, Acanya and Onexton concentrations have different histories.
Generic: 2009 (BenzaClin 1% clindamycin/5% benzoyl peroxide; Duac, Acanya and Onexton concentrations differ.)
Mylan commercial generic BenzaClin launch
Combinations. Fixed combination counted once. Dermik/Clay Park authorized generic sales documented from 2003, before the first ANDA generic approval in 2004.
Generic: 2003 (Dermik/Clay Park authorized generic of Benzamycin, 3% erythromycin/5% benzoyl peroxide. Independent ANDA later.)
Perrigo/Agis SEC report of actual generic sales
FDA first independent generic Benzamycin review
Combinations. Fixed combination/co-pack ingredient records counted once. Twyneo 0.1%/3% cream commercially available April 2022; older co-packs must not be treated as Twyneo or its generic.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Sol-Gel confirms US Twyneo commercial availability
Antiandrogen. Topical androgen receptor inhibitor; commercial US availability announced November 2021. Sparse or masked survey data do not justify invented counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Sun announces US Winlevi availability
Antibacterials. Skin antibiotic products only. Oral and vaginal products excluded. Solution, lotion, gel and foam have different generic histories; oral generic dates do not apply.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Oklahoma topical product formulary
Combinations. Fixed combination counted once. Actavis generic commercial marketing began July 2016, distinct from its June 2015 approval.
Generic: 2016 (1.2%/0.025% fixed gel; component dates do not apply.)
Actavis generic clindamycin/tretinoin marketing record
FDA first Actavis Ziana generic approval
Antibacterials. Topical dapsone only, not oral dapsone. Generic 5% gel was marketed in October 2017; once-daily 7.5% gel has a separate history.
Generic: 2017 (5% topical gel first; 7.5% gel and oral forms separate.)
Taro/Sun generic dapsone marketing record
Optum contemporary first generic dapsone notice
Antibacterials. Skin antibiotic products only; oral and eye products excluded. Multiple skin formulations pooled; exact first generic commercial year unresolved.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Oklahoma topical product formulary
Antibacterials. Topical acne foam catalog. Oral minocycline and identifiable rosacea-only Zilxi excluded. A future generic settlement date is not a commercial launch. AMZEEQ launched January 2020; discordant 2002 record remains audit-only.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Journey Amzeeq/Zilxi settlement and scope
AHRQ prescribed-medicine measurement
Sulfur / sulfacetamide. Skin sulfacetamide products only, not eye drops. Includes non-acne skin indications. First generic supplier history unresolved.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Sulfur / sulfacetamide. Fixed skin combination; acne and other skin indications pooled. Each combination fill counted once. Multiple washes, lotions and creams have distinct supplier histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Sulfur / sulfacetamide. Historical topical catalog. Recorded prescribed events only, not total OTC sulfur use. No supported volume is invented.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Retinoids. Topical retinoid; acne, psoriasis and other skin use pooled. Generic cream was marketed in 2017; generic gel shipments began in 2022. Foam and lotion differ.
Generic: 2017 (0.1% cream first in 2017; 0.05%/0.1% gel 2022. Foam/lotion differ.)
Taro/Sun manufacturer marketing record
FDA 2017 first generic approvals
Cosette confirms first generic Tazorac gel shipments
Retinoids. Topical retinoid. Acne, photoaging and other skin indications pooled; oral tretinoin excluded. Conventional cream/gel, microsphere gel and newer lotion have distinct generic histories.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
FDA tretinoin cream approval archive
Retinoids. Topical retinoid. No supported annual volume established here; catalog inclusion does not supply an estimated launch ramp.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Skin corticosteroid prescription fills, including combinations and copacks counted once. Potency is formulation-dependent and appears in Inspect. Oral/systemic, eye, ear, nasal/inhaled, dental and identified rectal products excluded. No OTC sales added. FDA withdrawal of clioquinol/hydrocortisone in2020 and iodoquinol distribution cessation in late2024 are retained. Annual MEPS 1996–2024 reviewed; ~2025–2026 projections only where the 2024 sample supports them. Bars move gradually between supported anchors; after the final anchor without a later estimate, retain relative size with blank count. No defensible comparable pre-1996 series established. Catalog-only therapies have no invented volumes. Historical brands are references, not brand-only counts. Formulation-specific generic dates do not imply that every strength or delivery form became generic simultaneously.
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.05%: low. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Taro2004 annual report, US launches
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.1%: high. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Taro2002 annual report: actual US introduction
Taro/Sun amcinonide marketing records
Topical corticosteroids. Halobetasol plus ammonium lactate copack; each reported package fill counted once. Not a single mixed formulation.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NLM RxNorm halobetasol product catalog
Topical corticosteroids. Skin corticosteroid combination; each reported fill counted once. Potency depends on the specific steroid, concentration and vehicle. HC means hydrocortisone; HQ means hydroquinone.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: Varies by ester and vehicle. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Taro2004 annual report, US launches
Topical corticosteroids. Skin corticosteroid combination; each reported fill counted once. Potency depends on the specific steroid, concentration and vehicle. HC means hydrocortisone; HQ means hydroquinone.
Generic: 2014 (Fixed calcipotriene/betamethasone ointment; not component dates. Later suspension/foam/cream generic histories separate.)
Perrigo confirms first authorized-generic Taclonex shipments
Topical corticosteroids. Skin corticosteroid combination; each reported fill counted once. Potency depends on the specific steroid, concentration and vehicle. HC means hydrocortisone; HQ means hydroquinone.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Taro2004 annual report, US launches
Topical corticosteroids. Clioquinol/hydrocortisone skin combination. FDA withdrew Vioform approval October13,2020 for insufficient effectiveness evidence and prohibited unapproved distribution. Annual timeline ends after2020; distinct from iodoquinol.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA2020 Vioform-hydrocortisone efficacy decision
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.05%: very high. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Perrigo actual clobetasol emulsion-foam launch
Perrigo actual Clobex spray generic launch
Fougera clobetasol emollient cream record
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.1% cream: medium. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: 2014 (0.1% clocortolone pivalate cream, authorized generic; later first ANDA2020 is not first commercial generic.)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Dr. Reddy manufacturer marketing record
Contemporary Promius launch announcement
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.05%: low. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Teligent2019 report of actual launches
Perrigo2018 generic product portfolio
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.05% cream: medium;0.25%: high. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.05% cream: high;ointment: very high. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.01%: low;0.025%: medium. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
AAD topical therapy guideline, Table IV
Topical corticosteroids. Skin corticosteroid combination; each reported fill counted once. Potency depends on the specific steroid, concentration and vehicle. HC means hydrocortisone; HQ means hydroquinone.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.05%: high. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Teligent2019 report of actual launches
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.05% cream/ointment: medium. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: Cream0.05%/ointment0.005%: medium. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Perrigo2018 generic product portfolio
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.1%: high. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: 2019 (0.1% cream; ointment/solution histories separate. First verified generic formulation.)
Mylan halcinonide commercial marketing record
FDA2019 first-generic approvals
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.05% cream/ointment: very high. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Perrigo2018 generic product portfolio
Topical corticosteroids. Skin corticosteroid combination; each reported fill counted once. Potency depends on the specific steroid, concentration and vehicle. HC means hydrocortisone; HQ means hydroquinone.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA2025 first-generic approvals
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: Base low;esters may be stronger. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Taro2004 annual report, US launches
Topical corticosteroids. Hydrocortisone/iodoquinol skin combination. FDA-directed cessation of unapproved products in late2024; absent from2025. Other hydrocortisone products remain.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Manufacturer hydrocortisone/iodoquinol label
FDA iodoquinol distribution cessation
Topical corticosteroids. Skin corticosteroid combination; each reported fill counted once. Potency depends on the specific steroid, concentration and vehicle. HC means hydrocortisone; HQ means hydroquinone.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Topical corticosteroids. Skin corticosteroid combination; each reported fill counted once. Potency depends on the specific steroid, concentration and vehicle. HC means hydrocortisone; HQ means hydroquinone.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Manufacturer Cortisporin skin cream label
Topical corticosteroids. Skin corticosteroid combination; each reported fill counted once. Potency depends on the specific steroid, concentration and vehicle. HC means hydrocortisone; HQ means hydroquinone.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Topical corticosteroids. Skin corticosteroid combination; each reported fill counted once. Potency depends on the specific steroid, concentration and vehicle. HC means hydrocortisone; HQ means hydroquinone.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.1% cream: medium;ointment: high. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Taro2004 annual report, US launches
Topical corticosteroids. Skin corticosteroid combination; each reported fill counted once. Potency depends on the specific steroid, concentration and vehicle. HC means hydrocortisone; HQ means hydroquinone.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Perrigo actual generic MycologII cream launch
Taro2011 marketed skin combinations
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.1% cream: lower-medium. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Topical corticosteroids. Potency examples: 0.1%: medium;0.5%: high. Skin products pooled across formulations; historical brand reference, not brand-only fills.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral, rectal and transdermal pharmacy antiemetics across all retained indications. Counts for antihistamines and phenothiazines include allergy, sleep, vertigo and psychiatric use. No IV-only agents, clinic administrations, OTC sales, cough combinations or adjunct steroid/benzodiazepine/olanzapine volumes. Each fixed combination counted once. Nereus entered US commerce in May2026; it remains catalog-only without invented annual counts. Annual MEPS1996–2024 and explicit ~2025–26 projections. Gaps interpolate gradually; after the last anchor hold relative size with blank count. No defensible pre1996 comparative counts. Generic launch years apply to specified formulations, not all routes or strengths.
NK1 antagonists. Outpatient pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not nausea-specific use. Oral/rectal/transdermal forms pooled; clinic injections, skin/eye products and cough combinations excluded. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2016 (Oral capsules/dose packs only; not oral suspension or Cinvanti injection.)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Sandoz manufacturer commercial marketing record
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
Dopamine antagonists. Outpatient pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not nausea-specific use. Oral/rectal/transdermal forms pooled; clinic injections, skin/eye products and cough combinations excluded. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
H1 antihistamines. Outpatient pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not nausea-specific use. Oral/rectal/transdermal forms pooled; clinic injections, skin/eye products and cough combinations excluded. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
H1 antihistamines. Outpatient pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not nausea-specific use. Oral/rectal/transdermal forms pooled; clinic injections, skin/eye products and cough combinations excluded. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
H1 antihistamines. Oral/rectal pharmacy fills across allergy, sleep and motion-sickness use; no skin products, cough combinations, OTC purchase volumes or inferred nausea-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
5-HT3 antagonists. Oral Anzemet history; no clinic injection volumes.100mg discontinuation does not establish withdrawal of50mg tablets. Exact oral supply endpoint unresolved; no supported bars.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Validus Anzemet manufacturer record
Doxylamine / pyridoxine. Pregnancy nausea fixed combination. Diclegis delayed-release and Bonjesta extended-release pooled; each fill counted once. Generic2019 applies to10/10mg delayed-release, not Bonjesta. Historical Bendectin gap precedes this1996-based series.
Generic: 2019 (Diclegis10/10mg delayed-release tablets; Bonjesta20/20mg extended-release and historical Bendectin are distinct.)
Teva/Actavis manufacturer marketing record
Optum first-time generic notice June2019
Cannabinoids. Cannabinoid for chemotherapy nausea and AIDS-associated anorexia; all indications retained. Generic softgels2008; Syndros solution has a separate generic history.
Generic: 2008 (Marinol softgel capsules; not Syndros oral solution.)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Watson manufacturer authorized-generic launch announcement
5-HT3 antagonists. Outpatient pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not nausea-specific use. Oral/rectal/transdermal forms pooled; clinic injections, skin/eye products and cough combinations excluded. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2008 (Oral1mg tablets; does not imply Sancuso transdermal patch was generic.)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Teva Kytril generic shipments commenced
H1 antihistamines. Motion sickness/vertigo pharmacy fills only; no added OTC sales. Par generic supply interrupted February2008 and resumed Q3; first generic year remains unresolved.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Dopamine antagonists. Outpatient pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not nausea-specific use. Oral/rectal/transdermal forms pooled; clinic injections, skin/eye products and cough combinations excluded. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Cannabinoids. Outpatient pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not nausea-specific use. Oral/rectal/transdermal forms pooled; clinic injections, skin/eye products and cough combinations excluded. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NK1 / 5-HT3 combination. Outpatient pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not nausea-specific use. Oral/rectal/transdermal forms pooled; clinic injections, skin/eye products and cough combinations excluded. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
5-HT3 antagonists. Outpatient pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not nausea-specific use. Oral/rectal/transdermal forms pooled; clinic injections, skin/eye products and cough combinations excluded. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2006 (Oral ODT; tablet/suspension/film formulations can have different launch dates. IV supply not included.)
5-HT3 antagonists. Oral formulation catalog only; no IV Aloxi administration counts or injection generic date transferred to oral capsules.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Dopamine antagonists. Outpatient pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not nausea-specific use. Oral/rectal/transdermal forms pooled; clinic injections, skin/eye products and cough combinations excluded. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Dopamine antagonists. Outpatient pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not nausea-specific use. Oral/rectal/transdermal forms pooled; clinic injections, skin/eye products and cough combinations excluded. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
State generic drug complaint2020
H1 antihistamines. Outpatient pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not nausea-specific use. Oral/rectal/transdermal forms pooled; clinic injections, skin/eye products and cough combinations excluded. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
NK1 antagonists. Outpatient pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not nausea-specific use. Oral/rectal/transdermal forms pooled; clinic injections, skin/eye products and cough combinations excluded. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
Antimuscarinics. Motion-sickness and postoperative nausea patch. No ophthalmic or antispasmodic combinations. Generic launch2017; supplier relaunched2019 after interruption of unresolved duration.
Generic: 2017 (Transdermal1.5mg reservoir patch.)
Perrigo Transderm Scop generic launch
Perrigo generic patch relaunch
Dopamine antagonists. Historical Torecan antiemetic; US discontinuation reported by2026 but exact last-sale year unresolved. Survey samples too sparse for a bar.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Torecan discontinuation status
NK1 antagonists. Nereus US commercial launch May1,2026 for motion-induced vomiting. Catalog only; no measured annual fills or invented launch projection.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Vanda actual Nereus US availability
Dopamine antagonists. Outpatient pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not nausea-specific use. Oral/rectal/transdermal forms pooled; clinic injections, skin/eye products and cough combinations excluded. Historical brand labels do not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Mutual trimethobenzamide announcement
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Prescription laxatives, secretagogues, prokinetics and PAMORAs. Oral/rectal pharmacy fills plus pharmacy-dispensed methylnaltrexone injections, across all retained indications. Lactulose includes encephalopathy; magnesium products include replacement/antacid use. No OTC purchases, bowel-preparation combinations, clinic administration totals, hospital alvimopan or identified Xphozah. Fixed combinations counted once. Annual MEPS1996–2024; explicit~2025–26 projections. Missing years creep between supported anchors; after the final anchor hold relative size with blank count. Tegaserod ordinary-retail gap2008–2018 and subsequent2022commercial withdrawal retained; residual-stock dates uncertain. Older monograph withdrawals have declared annual cutoffs. Catalog-only entries have no invented counts. Generic dates apply to verified commercial formulations; unresolved dates stay unknown.
Stimulant laxatives. Oral and rectal single ingredient; bowel-preparation combination kits excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Laxative combinations. Historical formulation. FDA removed casanthranol/cascara from OTC laxative monograph in2002 for insufficient safety/effectiveness evidence. Later senna/docusate formulation is a different entity; end2002 is annual regulatory cutoff.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
AGA/ACG constipation guideline2023
Laxative combinations. Historical drug formulation; FDA2002 OTC rule required elimination within180days. Not a claim that botanical supplements vanished.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AGA/ACG constipation guideline2023
Stimulant laxatives. Oral laxative only; topical wound-care combinations excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stool softeners. Oral/rectal docusate salts pooled; no otic products. Combination fills counted separately.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Laxative combinations. Fixed combination counted once, not also credited to components.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
AGA/ACG constipation guideline2023
Rectal / lubricant laxatives. Rectal suppositories/enemas; skin, ear and eye glycerin excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Osmotic laxatives. All oral/rectal fills, including hepatic encephalopathy; not constipation-only utilization.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Secretagogues. Oral capsules; all constipation indications and strengths pooled.
Generic: no U.S. generic available in dated2026 review; remainder2026 assumed unchanged
AGA/ACG constipation guideline2023
Ironwood2026Q2generic proceedings
Secretagogues. Oral capsules for CIC, IBS-C and opioid-induced constipation; all indications pooled.
Generic: 2021 (8mcg/24mcg oral capsules; authorized generic included.)
Endo first Amitiza authorized generic shipping
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
Osmotic laxatives. Oral single ingredient; possible bowel-emptying and supplement use remains. Vi-Jon recalled its solutions in2022 for microbial contamination; supplier recall is not ingredient withdrawal. Market-wide interruption dates unresolved.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AGA/ACG constipation guideline2023
Osmotic laxatives. Oral single ingredient, including antacid use; no OTC purchase volumes.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Laxative combinations. Historical oral laxative combination; counted once.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Osmotic laxatives. All oral fills include magnesium replacement and antacid use; not constipation-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Bulk-forming laxatives. Oral fiber only; ophthalmic cellulose products excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AGA/ACG constipation guideline2023
PAMORAs. Oral and pharmacy-dispensed subcutaneous products; no clinic administration totals. Routes have distinct generic histories.
Generic: no U.S. generic available in dated2026 review; remainder2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AGA opioid-induced constipation guideline
Bausch2026Q2generic proceedings
Rectal / lubricant laxatives. Oral/rectal laxative single ingredient; skin and eye products excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AGA/ACG constipation guideline2023
Laxative combinations. Historical formulation. FDA1999 rule removed phenolphthalein from OTC laxative monograph; end1999 annual cutoff, not a measured stock-exhaustion date.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AGA/ACG constipation guideline2023
PAMORAs. Oral treatment for opioid-induced constipation; pharmacy fills only.
Generic: no U.S. generic available in dated2026 review; remainder2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AGA opioid-induced constipation guideline
PAMORAs. Oral treatment for opioid-induced constipation; pharmacy fills only.
Generic: no U.S. generic available in dated2026 review; remainder2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AGA opioid-induced constipation guideline
Secretagogues. CIC/IBS-C oral therapy; sparse/masked prescription cells remain unknown.
Generic: no U.S. generic available in dated2026 review; remainder2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AGA/ACG constipation guideline2023
Bausch2026Q2generic proceedings
Bulk-forming laxatives. Oral fiber, all indications; prescription fills only.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
AGA/ACG constipation guideline2023
Osmotic laxatives. Single ingredient only; electrolyte lavage and bowel-preparation combinations excluded. Prescription fills only; OTC purchases absent.
Generic: 2004 (Single-ingredient oral PEG3350 powder; not bowel-preparation electrolyte combinations.)
Braintree v Schwarz2008 findings of fact
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
5-HT4 agonists. Oral prokinetic; generic commercially launched January2,2025.
Generic: 2025 (Oral tablets.)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
ANI first generic prucalopride launch
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
AGA/ACG constipation guideline2023
FDA tegaserod regulatory review
Bulk-forming laxatives. Prescription fills only, including nonconstipation use; no retail OTC purchases.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Laxative combinations. Historical fixed combination; original formulation distinct from brands subsequently reformulated.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Stimulant laxatives. Single ingredient sennosides; docusate and psyllium combinations separate.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Rectal / lubricant laxatives. Rectal enema only; oral bowel-preparation tablets/solutions and IV electrolyte replacement excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Osmotic laxatives. Oral/rectal laxative single ingredient; no excipient or potassium-binder combination counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
AGA/ACG constipation guideline2023
5-HT4 agonists. US sales suspended2007 following cardiovascular safety concern. Returned commercially2019 for a restricted IBS-C population; withdrawn June2022 for business reasons, with channel supply allowed to run out. Ordinary retail gap2008–2018; emergency access not quantified. End2022 is annual display cutoff, not exact stock exhaustion.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved
AGA/ACG constipation guideline2023
FDA tegaserod regulatory review
Alfasigma commercial return announcement reproduced
NHE3 inhibitors. IBSRELA50mg constipation product; XPHOZAH renal phosphate-control product excluded when identifiable. First US IBSRELA commercial sales March2022. No invented launch-volume estimates.
Generic: no U.S. generic available in dated2026 review; remainder2026 assumed unchanged
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Ardelyx2026Q2competition and product review
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral cytotoxic, endocrine and targeted medicines, across all retained indications. These are ingredient prescription totals, not cancer-only treatment volumes. Methotrexate includes autoimmune disease, isotretinoin includes acne, hydroxyurea includes sickle-cell disease, letrozole includes infertility, mercaptopurine includes bowel disease, and megestrol includes appetite treatment. No infusions, topical products or supportive-only corticosteroids. Fixed combinations counted once. Mixed-route agents require identifiable oral forms, so missing route information can reduce coverage. Annual MEPS1996–2024; explicit~2025–26 projections. Nine medicines retain their supported MEPS histories. 110 additional medicines now have blank-count ranking proxies from Medicare Part D claims. The chart shows up to 16 contenders, selected by approximate relative size; this is not a measured national top-16 ranking. Part D excludes other payers and underrepresents oral cytotoxic drugs covered by Part B. Added bars use a reproducible fixed median of 2012–2024 annual median MEPS-to-Part-D ratios from qualified oral anchors (one to three per year) solely to position relative size. They never display a national Rx count. After the last anchor their relative size is held, with the count blank. Missing years creep between supported anchors; after the final anchor retain relative size with blank count. Historical catalog coverage does not claim every current or newly approved product. Generic dates are formulation-specific commercial availability; approvals and expected patent dates are never substituted. Current brand-only evidence is dated2026; the remainder of2026 assumes no change.
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2017.
VERZENIO generic availability review
Endocrine therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: 2018 — Zytiga-equivalent250mg tablets. Maine price-data case study records generic introduction November2018. Not a launch date for Yonsa or the Akeega combination.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
Abiraterone U.S. commercial generic entry
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2023.
AKEEGA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2017.
CALQUENCE generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2023.
KRAZATI generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2013.
GILOTRIF generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2015.
ALECENSA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Aug 13, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2019.
PIQRAY generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
HEXALEN generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
AGRYLIN generic availability review
Endocrine therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: 2010 — 1mg tablets. Teva announced commercial launch June28,2010.
Anastrozole U.S. commercial generic entry
Endocrine therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2018.
ERLEADA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2021.
SCEMBLIX generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2020.
AYVAKIT generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
INLYTA generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2020.
ONUREG generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2021.
WELIREG generic availability review
Immunomodulatory / retinoid. Oral capsules only; topical gel excluded. Oral and topical generic launches differ.
Generic: 2015 — 75mg oral capsules; not topical gel. Mylan announced first/only generic launch July9,2015.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Bexarotene U.S. commercial generic entry
Endocrine therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: 2009 — 50mg tablets. Teva2009annual-report US launch table lists July2009.
Bicalutamide U.S. commercial generic entry
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2018.
MEKTOVI generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
BOSULIF generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2018.
ALUNBRIG generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2013.
MYLERAN generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Cometriq capsules and Cabometyx tablets pooled. These formulations are not interchangeable; generic status must not be inferred from the other product.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2013.
CABOMETYX generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: 2014 — 150/500mg tablets. Actual launch March7,2014; September2013 approval was not availability.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2014.
Capecitabine U.S. commercial generic entry
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2023.
TRUQAP generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2020.
INQOVI generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2014.
ZYKADIA generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
LEUKERAN generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2015.
COTELLIC generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
XALKORI generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
CYTOXAN generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2013.
TAFINLAR generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2019.
VIZIMPRO generic availability review
Endocrine therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2019.
NUBEQA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: 2024 — Sprycel-equivalent tablets. Apotex announced first generic launch September4,2024.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
Dasatinib U.S. commercial generic entry
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2018.
COPIKTRA generic availability review
Endocrine therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2023.
ORSERDU generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2017.
IDHIFA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2018.
BRAFTOVI generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2019.
ROZLYTREK generic availability review
Endocrine therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
XTANDI generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Aug 13, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2019.
BALVERSA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: 2019 — 100/150mg tablets;25mg history separate. Teva announced US launch May9,2019.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
Erlotinib U.S. commercial generic entry
Endocrine therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
EMCYT generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
VEPESID generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. All identified oral strengths pooled, including transplant and tuberous-sclerosis use; Afinitor and Zortress generic histories differ.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
AFINITOR generic availability review
Endocrine therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: 2011 — 25mg tablets; authorized generic included. August22,2011 product notice confirms Greenstone introduced an authorized generic. Earliest approval/marketing review also2011; exact first shipping day unresolved.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
Exemestane U.S. commercial generic entry
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2019.
INREBIC generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral Oforta only, not IV fludarabine. Oral marketing history and stock exhaustion remain unresolved; no invented tail if no supported anchor.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
OFORTA generic availability review
Endocrine therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
EULEXIN generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Aug 13, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2023.
FRUZAQLA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2023.
LYTGOBI generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2015.
IRESSA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2018.
XOSPATA generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2019.
DAURISMO generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral capsules/tablets across all indications, including sickle-cell disease. HYDREA/DROXIA/SIKLOS pooled; brand-specific generic dates differ.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
HYDREA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2013.
IMBRUVICA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2014.
ZYDELIG generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: 2016 — Gleevec-equivalent tablets. Reproduced Sun announcement: first generic commercially launched February1,2016.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
Imatinib U.S. commercial generic entry
Immunomodulatory / retinoid. Oral isotretinoin includes acne treatment, which dominates routine dispensing. Included as a recognized neuroblastoma therapy; not a cancer-use estimate.
Generic: 2002 — conventional capsules; branded generics included. Mylan annual report p21 confirms Amnesteem introduced November2002 with subsequent commercial market share. Do not apply to Absorica-specific formulations.
Isotretinoin U.S. commercial generic entry
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2018.
TIBSOVO generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2015.
NINLARO generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
TYKERB generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2019.
VITRAKVI generic availability review
Immunomodulatory / retinoid. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: 2022 — initial capsule strengths. First generic launch March7,2022 in5/10/15/25mg. Other strengths and launch-volume limits are separate; not universal supply.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
Lenalidomide U.S. commercial generic entry
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2015.
LENVIMA generic availability review
Endocrine therapy. Oral fills include infertility treatment. Ingredient totals are not breast-cancer-only prescribing.
Generic: 2011 — 2.5mg tablets. Mylan reports launch April25,2011.
Letrozole U.S. commercial generic entry
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2015.
GLEOSTINE generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2018.
LORBRENA generic availability review
Endocrine therapy. Oral tablets and suspensions pooled, including appetite/cachexia treatment. Not a cancer-only measure; concentration-specific generic histories differ.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
MEGACE generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
ALKERAN generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral fills include inflammatory-bowel-disease use.50mg tablet generic launched2004; liquid formulation history separate. Counts are not cancer-only.
Generic: 2004 — 50mg tablets; liquid history separate. Prometheus filing confirms Par first generic launch February2004.
Mercaptopurine U.S. commercial generic entry
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral only; autoimmune use is included and may dominate. Injection forms and named injection brands excluded. Not a cancer-only prescription total.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
TREXALL generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2017.
RYDAPT generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
LYSODREN generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2023.
OJJAARA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2017.
NERLYNX generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
TASIGNA generic availability review
Endocrine therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2014.
NILANDRON generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2017.
ZEJULA generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2015.
LYNPARZA generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2023.
REZLIDHIA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2015.
TAGRISSO generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2022.
VONJO generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2015.
IBRANCE generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Farydak approval withdrawn March2022 after sponsor said required postmarketing trials were infeasible. Historical oral entry; not current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2015.
FARYDAK generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
VOTRIENT generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2020.
PEMAZYRE generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2023.
JAYPIRCA generic availability review
Immunomodulatory / retinoid. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2013.
POMALYST generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2013.
ICLUSIG generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2021.
GAVRETO generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
MATULANE generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Aug 13, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2023.
VANFLYTA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
STIVARGA generic availability review
Endocrine therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2021.
ORGOVYX generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2024.
AUGTYRO generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2017.
KISQALI generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2020.
QINLOCK generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2017.
RUBRACA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral only; Opzelura topical cream excluded. Includes all retained oral indications.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
JAKAFI generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2019.
XPOVIO generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2020.
RETEVMO generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2017.
ODOMZO generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
NEXAVAR generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2021.
LUMAKRAS generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
SUTENT generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2018.
TALZENNA generic availability review
Endocrine therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
NOLVADEX generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Tazverik withdrawn in2026 after increased secondary blood cancers; FDA found risks outweighed benefits. No supported annual Rx volume; catalog-only.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2020.
TAZVERIK generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: 2013 — oral capsules; not IV. Teva/Perrigo actual launch August12,2013. Current Temodar page mainly describes remaining IV brand; do not use its no-generic sentence for historical oral capsules.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Temozolomide U.S. commercial generic entry
Immunomodulatory / retinoid. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
THALOMID generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2013.
TABLOID generic availability review
Cytotoxic / cytoreductive. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2015.
LONSURF generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2021.
FOTIVDA generic availability review
Endocrine therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2013.
FARESTON generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2013.
MEKINIST generic availability review
Immunomodulatory / retinoid. Oral all-trans retinoic acid only; topical acne formulations excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
VESANOID generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2020.
TUKYSA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
ZELBORAF generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2016.
VENCLEXTA generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
ERIVEDGE generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2024.
VORANIGO generic availability review
Other targeted therapy. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2012.
ZOLINZA generic availability review
Kinase inhibitors. Oral pharmacy fills across all retained indications; not cancer-only patients. Brand is a representative label; strengths pooled.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
Supplemental ranking bar: Medicare Part D claims calibrated for relative size only; national prescription count unknown. Not a measured all-U.S. total. First eligible record 2020.
BRUKINSA generic availability review
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Supplemental evidence: CMS annual Part D data and historical files. Original numeric MEPS series and generic evidence are preserved. Added trajectories interpolate gradually between source years; no assumed zero during missing years. Drugs may leave the visible top 16 because of relative rank, not because a year is missing.
Oral beta blockers and fixed combinations across all indications, including hypertension, heart failure, rhythm disorders, migraine and other uses. Sotalol has both beta-blocking and Class III antiarrhythmic activity. Brands, salts and oral release forms are pooled by ingredient; combinations are separate and counted once. Eye drops and injections are excluded. Timolol, betaxolol and carteolol require an identifiable oral form. IV-only esmolol and landiolol are outside this scope. Historical catalog entries do not imply current availability. Annual MEPS 1996–2024; explicit ~2025–26 projections where supported. Missing years creep between supported anchors; after the final anchor retain relative size with blank count. No pre-1996 numeric history is invented. Five generic-entry years are verified; other earliest commercial dates remain explicitly unresolved. Approval dates and inherited label marketing dates without adequate launch corroboration are not substituted for first shipment. Pooled generic markers refer to the documented conventional oral formulation, not every later extended-release product.
Beta blockers. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Mylan acebutolol archived labeling
Mylan fiscal 1997 annual report
Beta blockers. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 1991 (Oral Tenormin-equivalent tablets, not fixed combinations)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Mylan fiscal 1997 annual report
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Impax Form 10: nadolol/bendroflumethiazide
Beta blockers. Oral betaxolol only; ophthalmic products excluded. Historical Kerlone label does not imply current brand availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Beta blockers. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Bisoprolol manufacturer labeling
FDA Eon bisoprolol approval letter
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Beta blockers. Historical oral Cartrol; ophthalmic carteolol excluded. Oral approval withdrawn effective July 8, 2011. Annual cutoff 2012 is a coarse boundary, not a verified retail stock-exhaustion date; no supported survey bar.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA proprietary-name review: historical Cartrol
FDA withdrawal of oral Cartrol approval
Beta blockers. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2007 (Immediate-release Coreg-equivalent tablets; not Coreg CR)
District of Delaware, GSK v Teva, p5
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Mylan metoprolol/HCTZ approval announcement
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
FDA: historical blood-pressure medicine classes
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Beta blockers. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
FDA labetalol oral ANDA review
Beta blockers. Oral metoprolol tartrate and succinate pooled across all indications and release forms. Fixed HCTZ combinations separate; injections excluded. Generic history differs between immediate- and extended-release forms.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Mylan metoprolol tartrate labeling
Mylan fiscal 1997 annual report
Mylan fiscal 1994 annual report: marketed product catalog
Beta blockers. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Invamed v Barr: nadolol supply history
Beta blockers. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 2021 (Oral Bystolic-equivalent tablets; not nebivolol/valsartan)
Camber September17,2021 generic Bystolic launch
Fixed combinations. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Allergan Byvalson approval announcement
Beta blockers. Historical Levatol was already commercially discontinued by January 2015; FDA found no safety/effectiveness withdrawal basis. Annual cutoff 2015; exact retail stock exhaustion is unknown.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA: discontinued Levatol not withdrawn for safety/effectiveness
Beta blockers. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Mylan fiscal 1997 annual report
Beta blockers. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands and release forms pooled; fixed combinations separate. A brand label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: 1985 (Conventional oral Inderal-equivalent product; not all extended-release forms or Hemangeol)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
Beta blockers. Oral beta blocker with additional Class III antiarrhythmic action. Includes rhythm-disorder use, not hypertension-only prescribing. Oral brands and release forms pooled; injections excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Sotalol prescribing information
Sotalol archived manufacturer labeling
Impax 2002 annual report: marketed products
Beta blockers. Oral timolol only; glaucoma eye drops excluded. Historical Blocadren label does not imply current brand availability. Generic entry refers to oral tablets.
Generic: 1989 (Oral Blocadren-equivalent tablets, not ophthalmic timolol)
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
All-indication oral/sublingual Rx for the bipolar cohort. Earlier use may precede bipolar approval. Formulations and combination products follow the plotted catalog. Historical gaps and 2025–2026 are estimated. Release and generic years appear in Inspect.
Antipsychotics. Bipolar I mania/mixed episodes and maintenance. Oral forms only; long-acting injections excluded. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: 2015 (Oral tablets; not long-acting injections)
Aripiprazole: U.S. generic commercial launch
Antipsychotics. Bipolar I mania/mixed episodes and maintenance; sublingual forms only. Secuado skin patch excluded. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: 2020 (Sublingual tablets; not Secuado transdermal patch)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Asenapine: U.S. generic commercial launch
Antiseizure mood stabilizers. Equetro ER capsules for acute bipolar I mania/mixed episodes. Only identified Equetro fills; other carbamazepine products excluded. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: no U.S. generic available in the reviewed 2026 record
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Equetro: generic availability reviewed September 10, 2026
Equetro: U.S. commercial availability
Antipsychotics. Bipolar I mania/mixed episodes and bipolar depression. No identifiable supported MEPS series established. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: no U.S. generic available in the reviewed 2026 record
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Vraylar: generic availability reviewed September 10, 2026
Vraylar: U.S. commercial availability
Antipsychotics. Labeled for manic-type manic-depressive illness. All-indication oral fills; injections excluded. Historical brand name. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: actual U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Generic oral labeling confirmed;1954 Thorazine history is brand history, not generic launch. Earliest generic commercial year unresolved.
Thorazine: FDA-approved indication / prescribing information
Antiseizure mood stabilizers. Acute mania; delayed- and extended-release tablets pooled. Sprinkles/capsules and valproic acid excluded. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: 2008 (delayed-release tablets; extended-release and sprinkles have separate launch histories)
Teva2008Q3 Form6-K, commercial products sold, p20
Fixed combinations. Fixed combination for bipolar I depression. Includes treatment-resistant depression; standalone components not inferred as co-prescribed. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: 2012 (Symbyax-equivalent fixed-combination capsules)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Fluoxetine-Olanzapine: U.S. generic commercial launch
Antipsychotics. Bipolar I mania/mixed indication added in April 2024. Earlier bars reflect all-indication oral use, not bipolar prescribing. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: actual U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Conflicting generic status summaries; no first commercial shipment verified. Do not use expected2027/2028 exclusivity loss as launch.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Fanapt generic availability: conflicting secondary summaries
Fanapt overview: conflicting generic statement
Antiseizure mood stabilizers. Bipolar I maintenance; not acute mania. Non-XR oral forms only; XR excluded. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: 2005 (chewable/dispersible tablets 2005; conventional tablets 2008; XR/ODT have separate entries)
U.S. District Court March 22, 2016 opinion; lamotrigine commercial history
Teva July23,2008 first generic Lamictal commercial shipment
Lithium. Acute bipolar I mania/mixed episodes and maintenance. Carbonate and citrate oral formulations pooled. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: actual U.S. commercial availability unresolved
Generic oral lithium labeling confirmed; earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Do not substitute initial1970 lithium approval. Carbonate and citrate/release histories differ.
Antipsychotics. Bipolar I or II depression, monotherapy or adjunctive lithium/valproate. No identifiable supported MEPS series established. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: no U.S. generic available in the reviewed 2026 record
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Caplyta: generic availability reviewed September 10, 2026
Caplyta: U.S. commercial availability
Antipsychotics. Bipolar I depression, alone or adjunctive lithium/valproate. All-indication oral fills. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: 2023 (Oral tablets; launch confirmed by Lupin)
Lurasidone: U.S. generic commercial launch
Antipsychotics. FDA approved February 20, 2026 for adult bipolar I mania/mixed episodes. Launch still described as upcoming in August 2026; actual launch unverified. Catalog only; no prescription estimate. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: actual U.S. commercial availability unresolved
New2026 approval; actual brand launch and generic availability not established. No speculative year or price marker.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Bysanti: FDA-approved indication / prescribing information
Antipsychotics. Bipolar I mania/mixed episodes and maintenance. Oral forms; fluoxetine and samidorphan combinations counted separately. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: 2011 (Conventional oral tablets; not ODT, injection or fixed combinations)
Olanzapine: U.S. generic commercial launch
Fixed combinations. Bipolar I mania/mixed episodes and maintenance. Commercially available October 18, 2021. Separate from olanzapine alone. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: no U.S. generic available in the reviewed 2026 record
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Lybalvi: generic availability reviewed September 10, 2026
Lybalvi: U.S. commercial availability
Antipsychotics. Bipolar mania, depression and adjunctive maintenance. Oral IR and XR pooled; includes all other prescribing indications. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: 2012 (Immediate-release tablets; XR has a later generic history)
Quetiapine: U.S. generic commercial launch
Teva March28,2012 commercial quetiapine launch
Antipsychotics. Bipolar I acute mania/mixed episodes. Oral forms only; long-acting injections excluded. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: 2008 (Conventional oral tablets; later ODT/solution and injection dates differ)
Risperidone: U.S. generic commercial launch
AHRQ MEPS HC254A2024 prescribed-medicines documentation
Risperdal: FDA-approved indication / prescribing information
Antipsychotics. Bipolar I mania/mixed episodes and adjunctive maintenance. Oral capsules; agitation injections excluded. Volumes cover all indications; history can predate the bipolar indication.
Generic: 2012 (Oral capsules; not intramuscular product)
Ziprasidone: U.S. generic commercial launch
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral rhythm-control medicines, including sotalol and historical discontinued agents. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; injections, lidocaine patches and rate-control-only beta blockers excluded. Annual MEPS 1996–2024; supported ~2025–26 projections. Sparse medicines stay in the catalog without invented totals. Missing years creep between supported anchors; final unsupported tails retain relative size with blank counts. Actual market exits still apply. Procainamide oral unavailability was documented by 2015; the exact last commercial year is unresolved, so 2015 is a display bound, not a claimed withdrawal date. Generic markers follow verified commercial availability, not approval or patent expiry. Pooled release forms can differ; unresolved first years remain explicit.
Class III. Class III with additional channel and beta-blocking actions. Oral fills only; explicit injections and ambiguous liquid records excluded. Volumes are all-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: 1998 (Oral amiodarone; not injected formulations)
California Court of Appeal: generic amiodarone available since 1998
Class IA. Class IA. Immediate- and controlled-release capsules pooled. Generic IR evidence does not establish generic Norpace CR availability. Volumes are all-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Generic immediate-release labeling verified; February 1985 approval alone does not prove first launch. Norpace CR release formulation separate; authorized generic 2019 marketing date not substituted for earliest generic.
Class III. Class III. Oral capsules. No supported identified annual survey series; catalog count remains unknown, not zero. Volumes are all-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: 2016 (Oral capsules 125/250/500 mcg)
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Mayne Pharma 2016 annual report: June 2016 U.S. launch
Class III. Class III. Oral tablets. A generic FDA approval in 2024 is not evidence of launch; current manufacturer materials still state no generic is available. Volumes are all-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: no commercial generic per current Multaq manufacturer materials
Lupin approval in 2024 is distinct from launch. Manufacturer current no-generic statement reviewed October 23, 2026. Window bounded to chart timeline; not a future prediction.
Multaq: formulation and historical scope
Class IC. Class IC. Removed December 16, 1991 following excess mortality in CAST. Historical catalog only; no fabricated pre-1996 prescription series. Volumes are all-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Historical withdrawal/discontinuation reviewed. No verified commercial generic launch identified before market exit; absence of launch evidence does not prove brand-only status.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Class IC. Class IC. Oral tablets and identified compounded oral liquid pooled. Volumes are all-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Commercial Mylan launch documented June 7, 2002. First entry requires resolving earlier Par/Barr chronology; first approval in July 2001 not used as launch.
Tambocor: formulation and historical scope
Class IB. Class IB. Oral capsules; all indications included. Historical Mexitil brand discontinuation does not imply generic mexiletine disappeared. Volumes are all-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Current generic capsule labeling verified; May 1995 approval found but no first shipment corroboration. Mexitil brand discontinuation distinct from ingredient availability.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Class IC. Class IC. Shire discontinued U.S. tablets August 28, 2007 because of decreased demand, not a safety/efficacy withdrawal. Historical catalog only where survey evidence is insufficient. Volumes are all-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Historical withdrawal/discontinuation reviewed. No verified commercial generic launch identified before market exit; absence of launch evidence does not prove brand-only status.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Class IA. Class IA. Oral products only, including older sustained-release formulations. Oral products are no longer commercially available in the U.S.; injections remain distinct. Exact last oral commercial year unresolved. Chart stops at the 2015 documented-unavailability bound, not a claimed 2015 withdrawal date. Volumes are all-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Oral formulation discontinued; exact first generic launch and last commercial year unresolved. 2015 no-longer-manufactured report bounds display; not an ingredient withdrawal since injections continue.
Procanbid: formulation and historical scope
FDA April 4, 2016: Pronestyl not withdrawn for safety/effectiveness
Class IC. Class IC. Immediate-release tablets and SR capsules pooled; formulation-specific generic histories differ. Volumes are all-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
SR generic launch verified Q1 2011. Earliest IR commercial entry remains unresolved; pooled marker cannot use SR date or October 2000 approval as earliest generic year.
Rythmol: formulation and historical scope
Par Q1 2011 results: generic Rythmol SR launch
Class IA. Class IA. Sulfate and gluconate oral formulations pooled; quinine and dextromethorphan combinations excluded. Historical brand name. Volumes are all-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Current generic sulfate oral labeling and older generic formulations confirmed. First U.S. commercial year unresolved; sulfate/gluconate and IR/ER differ. No invented date.
Class III. Class III plus Class II beta blockade. Oral Betapace/AF and generics pooled; injections excluded. Other beta blockers used only for rate control belong in their separate graph. Volumes are all-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Generic marketed by 2002; label date and first approval in 2000 are insufficient to assert first actual shipment. Betapace AF and oral solution have separate histories.
Sotalol prescribing information
Sotalol archived manufacturer labeling
Class IB. Class IB. Removed from the U.S. market in 2003 because of serious hematologic adverse effects. Annual display ends in 2003; exact month unverified. Volumes are all-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Historical withdrawal/discontinuation reviewed. No verified commercial generic launch identified before market exit; absence of launch evidence does not prove brand-only status.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral outpatient quinolones, including historical discontinued agents. Eye/ear drops, injections and ambiguous routes excluded. Annual MEPS1996–2024; supported ~2025–26 projections. All indications. Sparse medicines remain in the catalog with unknown counts. Missing years creep between supported anchors; final unsupported tails retain relative size with blank counts. Actual market exits and outpatient restrictions still apply. Several older products have documented-unavailability bounds rather than exact last-sale dates; those distinctions remain in Inspect. Source route/identity exclusions can undercount oral use and differ from earlier pooled antibacterial estimates. Generic markers follow verified commercial availability, not approval or patent expiry. Cipro IR authorized generic2003 differs from XR2007. Unknown generic years have no invented marker.
Older quinolones. Historical oral urinary antibacterial. FDA naming review signed June22,2015 states discontinued with no generics available; first commercial generic history and exact last sale unresolved. No supported survey bar. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
FDA2015review says discontinued with no generics then available, but this does not establish whether an earlier generic had ever launched. Earliest year remains unknown.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Fluoroquinolones. Oral IR/XR products pooled. Authorized generic tablets and suspension distributed June 9,2003; independent generics followed June2004. Cipro XR generic shipment began March22,2007. Eye/ear products, injections and ambiguous route records excluded. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: 2003 (Authorized generic IR tablets and suspension; pooled XR history differs)
Earliest pooled generic entry is authorized IR product in2003, not independent2004entry or XR2007entry. Proquin XR-specific first availability unresolved.
Barr 2005 annual report: authorized ciprofloxacin distribution began June 9, 2003
Mylan: first generic Cipro XR shipments March22,2007
Fluoroquinolones. Oral Baxdela only; IV formulation excluded. Current manufacturer tablet information confirms U.S.availability. Public survey data do not support a numerical bar. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: no approved generic in September2026availability review
Brand-only through reviewed2026date; remainder of chart2026 assumes unchanged status. No projected generic launch year.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Baxdela: oral formulation and availability history
Baxdela generic availability review, September10,2026
Fluoroquinolones. FDA documents NDA withdrawal April4,2005 and no longer marketed by2008. No supported survey bar; no safety reason or exact last sale inferred from NDA withdrawal. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Historical U.S.discontinuation and generic availability searches reviewed. No corroborated first generic shipment; foreign generics and generic ingredient terminology do not prove U.S.generic launch. Exact launch/last sale remain followups.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Fluoroquinolones. Systemic Tequin marketing ended in2006. FDA later determined withdrawal was for safety/effectiveness owing to dysglycemia. Eye-drop gatifloxacin remains a distinct excluded formulation. Annual display includes2006 transition then ends. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
FDA2008determination prohibited ANDAs referencing systemic Tequin. Ophthalmic generic launches do not establish an oral launch. No commercial oral generic evidence found before2006exit.
Fluoroquinolones. Factive discontinued; ASHP July20,2022 reports LG Chem would not distribute U.S.tablets and no presentations available. Exact last dispensing date unresolved; display bound2022. No supported survey bar. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Orbion2015approval/discontinued listing conflicts with generic-summary heading; commercial shipment not verified. No first generic year and no brand-only assertion. ASHP confirms no products available byJuly2022.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Factive: oral formulation and availability history
Factive generic review: discontinued Orbion ANDA versus no-generic heading
Fluoroquinolones. Withdrawn in1999 for severe cardiac/QT-related risk. Annual display retains1999transition and ends2000; later NDA withdrawal is a separate regulatory event. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
FDA safety withdrawal/history reviewed. No verified U.S.commercial generic launch before exit found. No generic launch evidence does not prove historical brand-only status.
Raxar: oral formulation and availability history
Fluoroquinolones. Oral tablets and explicitly oral liquid; eye drops and injections excluded. Historical Levaquin brand name does not imply that generic ingredient disappeared. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: 2011 (Oral conventional-release product; eye/ear and IV formulations excluded)
Commercial entry verified; formulation-specific caveats retained.
Lupin June 22, 2011: generic levofloxacin shipments commenced
Fluoroquinolones. FDA July24,2008 explicitly states no longer marketed in the U.S.;2008 is a documented-unavailability display bound, not an exact last sale. No supported survey bar. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Historical U.S.discontinuation and generic availability searches reviewed. No corroborated first generic shipment; foreign generics and generic ingredient terminology do not prove U.S.generic launch. Exact launch/last sale remain followups.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Fluoroquinolones. Oral tablets only; Vigamox/Moxeza eye drops and injections excluded. Sparse later years retain last supported relative size with blank counts. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: 2014 (Oral conventional-release product; eye/ear and IV formulations excluded)
Commercial entry verified; formulation-specific caveats retained.
Dr. Reddy manufacturer release: generic moxifloxacin tablets launched March 4, 2014
Older quinolones. Historical oral urinary antibacterial, discontinued in the U.S. Exact final sale and earliest generic availability unresolved. No supported1996–2024 identified survey series. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Historical U.S.discontinuation and generic availability searches reviewed. No corroborated first generic shipment; foreign generics and generic ingredient terminology do not prove U.S.generic launch. Exact launch/last sale remain followups.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Fluoroquinolones. Merck notified FDA of discontinuation October13,2015; approval withdrawal effective November3,2016. FDA determined this was not a safety/effectiveness withdrawal. Display stops in2016 using2015notice as an upper-bound convention; exact final sale unresolved. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
FDA2017decision allowed future ANDAs after Noroxin discontinuation; this is not launch evidence. Earliest actual generic shipment unresolved; no patent or approval year used.
Fluoroquinolones. Identified oral tablets only; eye/ear drops and ambiguous routes excluded. FDA documented only generic systemic versions marketed by2008; brand discontinuation is not ingredient withdrawal. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: 2003 (Oral conventional-release product; eye/ear and IV formulations excluded)
Retained verified September2003first recorded U.S.generic prescriptions from Kallberg supplementary table1. This run reopened article; supplement retrieval unavailable, prior verification retained. Teva approval with expected shipping is not substituted.
Kallberg et al., Nature Communications 2021, supplementary table 1
Teva September2,2003 approval with future shipment plan
Fluoroquinolones. Historical oral product, now discontinued. Exact U.S.last sale and reason remain unresolved in this audit; no supported survey bar or current-availability claim. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills. FDA2008marketed-class inventory excludes sparfloxacin;2008is a conservative availability bound, not exact cessation.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Historical U.S.discontinuation and generic availability searches reviewed. No corroborated first generic shipment; foreign generics and generic ingredient terminology do not prove U.S.generic launch. Exact launch/last sale remain followups.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Zagam: oral formulation and availability history
Fluoroquinolones. Historical fluoroquinolone withdrawn in1992 after severe adverse reactions including hemolysis. FDA safety-withdrawn list confirms exclusion. Catalog only; no fabricated pre1996 prescribing history. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
FDA safety withdrawal/history reviewed. No verified U.S.commercial generic launch before exit found. No generic launch evidence does not prove historical brand-only status.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Omniflox: oral formulation and availability history
Fluoroquinolones. June9,1999 distribution restricted to inpatient facilities because of serious liver injury. This outpatient graph retains1999 annual transition and ends in2000; restricted hospital access did not mean immediate universal disappearance. Alatrofloxacin IV excluded. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
FDA safety withdrawal/history reviewed. No verified U.S.commercial generic launch before exit found. No generic launch evidence does not prove historical brand-only status.
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
FDA-approved ADHD ingredients/formulations plus historical pemoline. Oral stimulant brands and release forms pooled; methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine patches separate. Alpha2 agonists require explicit ER identity; IR and ambiguous-form records excluded. All indications, including narcolepsy and binge-eating use, not ADHD-only counts. Annual MEPS1996–2024 and supported ~2025–26 projections. Sparse agents remain catalog-only with unknown counts. Missing years creep between anchors; final unsupported tails keep relative size with blank counts. Pemoline ends after2005. Centanafadine has no commercial launch at review; Xelstrym has a2026supply disruption, not a documented permanent withdrawal. Generic markers follow verified commercial availability for the specified formulation; pooled oral bars use earliest verified applicable entry. A generic tablet does not make every release technology or strength generic.
Amphetamines. Other single-ingredient oral amphetamine products, including Evekeo/Adzenys/Dyanavel when explicitly identified. Ratios and release technologies differ. No double-counting of mixed-salt records.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Evekeo authorized generic available2018; independent2020supplier confirmed. Earliest older amphetamine formulations unresolved; no pooled marker year.
Sources checked; formulation-specific evidence retained. Do not substitute approval, patent expiry or a later supplier launch for the earliest pooled entry.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Prime Therapeutics October2018 launch update
DrReddy2020 generic Evekeo launch
Amphetamines. Oral IR/XR mixed salts pooled, including Mydayis when mapped. All indications; formulation-specific generic entry differs.
Generic:2002 IR. Authorized XR generics launched2009; Mydayis and other technologies differ.
Barr/Duramed 2006 acquisition announcement
Shire2009 annual report: authorized generic competition
Nonstimulants. Oral capsules across all indications.
Generic:2017 commercial launch.
Rising Pharmaceuticals atomoxetine launch
Other stimulants. FDA2026approval announced; manufacturer reports DEA scheduling pending and not yet commercially available at review. Catalog only; no launch date or dispensing estimate assumed.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Originator not commercially available at review; no generic launch or brand-only market window inferred.
Sources checked; formulation-specific evidence retained. Do not substitute approval, patent expiry or a later supplier launch for the earliest pooled entry.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Otsuka Simtriyo commercial-availability status
Alpha2 agonists. Explicit ER/Kapvay/Onyda records only. IR tablets, patches and ambiguous forms excluded. Tablet2013generic date does not apply to OnydaXR liquid.
Generic:2013 ER tablets. Onyda XR liquid is a distinct formulation; its generic availability remains unresolved here.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FTC Federal Register Kapvay sales chronology
Methylphenidates. Oral IR/XR pooled. Azstarys combination excluded.
Generic:2007 IR launch; XR30mg first launched2013, other strengths later.
Teva 2007 annual report: U.S. generic launch table
Mylan first generic Focalin XR30mg launch
Methylphenidates. Fixed serdexmethylphenidate + dexmethylphenidate; one fill counted once. U.S. launch July21,2021.
Generic: none verified through dated 2026 review. Azstarys fixed combination launched July21,2021.
No generic approved in dated availability review. Remaining 2026 uses explicit unchanged-status assumption; not a guarantee of stock.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
KemPharm U.S. Azstarys launch July21,2021
Azstarys generic availability review September10,2026
Amphetamines. Oral IR/SR/liquid pooled; patch separate. Includes all indications such as narcolepsy.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. DextroStat tablets launched2001; earlier SR generic pricing documented2000. Do not assign2001to pooled oral history.
Sources checked; formulation-specific evidence retained. Do not substitute approval, patent expiry or a later supplier launch for the earliest pooled entry.
Barr2001 annual report: first generic DextroStat tablets
AAFP November2000 contemporary medication cost table
Amphetamines. U.S. launch June5,2023. June2026API supply disruption; resolution unverified, not documented permanent withdrawal.
Generic: none verified through dated 2026 review. Xelstrym launched June5,2023;2026API shortage is not a generic launch or permanent withdrawal.
No generic approved in dated availability review. Remaining 2026 uses explicit unchanged-status assumption; not a guarantee of stock.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Noven national Xelstrym availability June5,2023
Xelstrym generic availability review August13,2026
Noven June1,2026 Xelstrym supply disruption
Alpha2 agonists. Explicit ER tablets/Intuniv only. IR Tenex and ambiguous-form records excluded; conservative identification can undercount later generic ER fills.
Generic:2014; Actavis shipping December1. IR excluded from this graph.
Actavis launches and ships generic Intuniv
Amphetamines. Oral formulations pooled. Includes binge-eating and other indications; not ADHD-only counts.
Generic:2023 capsule launch. Chewable-specific first shipment remains a separate followup.
Hikma actual U.S. Vyvanse generic launch
Amphetamines. Prescription oral product only; all indications. No illicit-use estimates.
Generic:2010; first generic Desoxyn immediately shippable April26.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Mylan first generic Desoxyn marketing and shipment
Methylphenidates. Oral IR/ER brands and strengths pooled; patch separate. All indications, including narcolepsy; not ADHD-only counts.
Generic:1977 IR tablets. Oral ER technologies have separate histories; earliest IR entry does not mean every formulation is generic.
Congressional Record June16,1988: methylphenidate commercial history
DEA 1995 findings on methylphenidate manufacturers
FDA Concerta generic equivalence and authorized generic explanation
Methylphenidates. Transdermal only; oral fills excluded. Missing years retain relative bar with blank counts after the last supported anchor.
Generic:2022; Viatris patch launch June27. Oral generic date does not apply.
OptumRx Daytrana first generic launch bulletin
NirvanaHealth first generic methylphenidate patch bulletin
Other stimulants. Sales ended2005 because liver-toxicity risk outweighed benefit. Annual2005transition allowed; absent2006onward. Generic availability before withdrawal confirmed but earliest year unresolved.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Generic sold before2005withdrawal;1999approval is not launch proof.
Sources checked; formulation-specific evidence retained. Do not substitute approval, patent expiry or a later supplier launch for the earliest pooled entry.
FDA Federal Register historical pemoline withdrawal
FDA1999 pemoline ANDA approval letter
Nonstimulants. U.S. extended-release ADHD product; commercial launch May24,2021. Older foreign antidepressant use excluded.
Generic: none verified through dated 2026 review. Qelbree ER capsules launched May24,2021.
No generic approved in dated availability review. Remaining 2026 uses explicit unchanged-status assumption; not a guarantee of stock.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Supernus Qelbree now available May24,2021
Qelbree generic availability review September10,2026
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral systemic corticosteroid pharmacy fills, all indications. Injections and hospital administrations, inhaled/nasal, topical, eye/ear, dental, rectal and locally acting gastrointestinal products excluded. Brands, strengths, salts and oral release forms pooled by ingredient. Annual MEPS1996–2024 and supported ~2025–26 projections. Sparse agents remain catalog-only with unknown counts. Missing years creep between anchors; unsupported tails retain relative size with blank counts. Celestone and Kenacort brand events do not establish whole-ingredient withdrawal; their later oral availability remains unresolved. Generic markers require actual U.S. commercial evidence and apply to the specified formulation, not every later delivery system.
Long-acting. Historical oral products only. Celestone tablet manufacture halted at one U.S. site in 2002; FDA described oral solutionin 2006. Oral brand later discontinued; exact overall oral availability unresolved. Blank held tails are historical size, not proof of current sales.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Individual oral formulation/launch evidence reviewed; current generic listings, approval dates and later supplier launches do not prove earliest U.S. commercial entry. No year or brand-only status invented.
FDA 2006 naming review: Celestone oral solution
Schering-Plough 2002 consent decree
Celestone oral solution archived label, March 25,2026
Short-acting. Oral cortisone acetate, converted to hydrocortisone. Historical Cortone brand and generic products pooled; individual brand/NDC discontinuation is not ingredient withdrawal.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Individual oral formulation/launch evidence reviewed; current generic listings, approval dates and later supplier launches do not prove earliest U.S. commercial entry. No year or brand-only status invented.
Hikma historical price-adjustment notice
Intermediate. Oral corticosteroid for Duchenne muscular dystrophy; U.S. approval 2017. Tablets/liquid pooled. Generic tablets and suspension commercially available in 2024; no sparse counts invented.
Generic: 2024. Tablets launched by February; suspension available June12.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Prime Therapeutics February 2024 first generic launches
Cranbury/Tris June 12,2024 deflazacort availability
Long-acting. Oral tablets and identifiable oral liquids across all indications. Eye products and injections excluded; Hemady 20mg has a distinct product history.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Individual oral formulation/launch evidence reviewed; current generic listings, approval dates and later supplier launches do not prove earliest U.S. commercial entry. No year or brand-only status invented.
Dexamethasone oral tablets/solutions label
Mineralocorticoid. Oral mineralocorticoid used for adrenal replacement and other indications. First generic tablets marketed March 2002; marker disappears in 2002.
Generic: 2002 (oral tablets; actual March launch).
IMPAX March 19,2002 first generic Florinef announcement
IMPAX 2002 third-quarter sales report
Short-acting. Oral systemic replacement/anti-inflammatory products. Topical, rectal and injectable products excluded. Pediatric Alkindi granules have a distinct formulation/generic history.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Individual oral formulation/launch evidence reviewed; current generic listings, approval dates and later supplier launches do not prove earliest U.S. commercial entry. No year or brand-only status invented.
Hydrocortisone oral tablet label
Intermediate. Oral tablets and dose packs across indications. Solu-Medrol and Depo-Medrol injections excluded; dispensing counts are not steroid doses or treatment courses.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Individual oral formulation/launch evidence reviewed; current generic listings, approval dates and later supplier launches do not prove earliest U.S. commercial entry. No year or brand-only status invented.
Methylprednisolone oral dose-pack label
Intermediate. Oral base/phosphate tablets and liquids pooled. Orapred-equivalent solution generic entered 2004; older oral generic entry remains unresolved. Eye drops excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Orapred-equivalent solution generic actually enteredQ 4,2004 and authorized generic March 2005. Earlier pooled oral tablet/solution earliest commercial entry remains unresolved; those dates cannot be assigned to all oral prednisolone.
BioMarin 2004 annual report: Orapred generic competition
BioMarin 2005 annual report: Orapred authorized generic
Intermediate. Oral systemic glucocorticoid; tablets and solutions pooled across indications. Deltasone is a historical representative brand. Delayed-release Rayos has a separate formulation history; no first generic date inferred from its approval.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Individual oral formulation/launch evidence reviewed; current generic listings, approval dates and later supplier launches do not prove earliest U.S. commercial entry. No year or brand-only status invented.
Intermediate. Historical oral tablets only; inhaled, nasal, dental, topical and injectable products excluded. Kenacort tablets no longer marketed by 2007; Aristocort/Kenacort brand stopped, but all oral products exit unresolved. Blank tails do not establish current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Individual oral formulation/launch evidence reviewed; current generic listings, approval dates and later supplier launches do not prove earliest U.S. commercial entry. No year or brand-only status invented.
MedlinePlus oral triamcinolone, revised June 20,2024
FDA 2007 withdrawal of specified applications
Modified glucocorticoid. Modified glucocorticoid for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. U.S. commercial launch March 13,2024, after 2023 approval. Brand-only at dated 2026 review; annual count unknown where unsupported.
Generic: none approved at September 2026 review. U.S. launch March 13,2024.
Dated brand-only review; rest of 2026 unchanged-status assumption, not a forecast generic date.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Catalyst March 13,2024 AGAMREE commercial launch
AGAMREE generic availability review September 10,2026
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral antispastic and skeletal muscle-relaxant pharmacy fills, all indications. Diazepam includes anxiety and other uses; historical meprobamate is primarily an anxiolytic predecessor. Injectable, intrathecal, rectal/nasal rescue and topical products excluded. Strengths and oral release forms pooled by ingredient; fixed combinations counted separately, once per fill. Annual MEPS1996–2024 and supported ~2025–26 projections. Sparse agents remain catalog-only. Missing years creep between anchors; unsupported tails keep relative size with blank counts. Stopped brands do not prove whole-ingredient withdrawal. Later Robaxisal-equivalent availability remains unresolved; held tails are historical relative size, not proof of current sales. Generic markers follow verified commercial entry for the specified formulation; unknown first years remain unverified.
Combinations. Orphenadrine/aspirin/caffeine fixed combination, including Orphengesic Forte. Brand changes and older generic interruption chronology are distinct from ingredient withdrawal. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Current label documents the supplied combination; earliest generic year and older interruption chronology remain unresolved. 2020 approval/listing and prospective launch statements are not substituted for actual launch.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Orphengesic Forte prescribing information
MedlinePlus aspirin combinations
Combinations. Carisoprodol/aspirin fixed combination. Each fill counted once, separately from single-ingredient carisoprodol. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Rising launch July 9,2012 is a verified supplier entry, not established first generic year. Component launch years do not date this fixed combination.
Rising July 9,2012 launch announcement
Combinations. Carisoprodol/aspirin/codeine fixed combination. Each fill counted once; component generic dates do not apply. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Rising launch April 11,2012 is a verified supplier entry, not established first generic year. Component dates do not apply.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Rising April 11,2012 launch announcement
Combinations. Methocarbamol/aspirin fixed combination. Robaxisal brand cessation is not established whole-combination withdrawal. Later availability unresolved; blank held tails show historical relative size only. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Robaxisal brand cessation does not date all generic supply. A new supplier lists approved pending launch. Exact first generic year and later full-market availability unresolved; held tails are historical relative size, not proof of current sales.
MedlinePlus aspirin combinations
Antispastic. Oral antispastic therapy. Intrathecal pumps/injections excluded. All indications; newer oral solutions pooled only where identified. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Conventional oral generic availability is established, but first entry conflicts: a purchaser complaint says 1982; an indexed pricing-study table suggests May 1988. Full primary sales table needs verification. Neither date adopted. Intrathecal and newer oral liquids are distinct.
Baclofen tablet prescribing information
2019 baclofen purchaser complaint
Antispasmodic. Oral skeletal muscle relaxant. Strengths pooled; aspirin and codeine combinations counted separately. Sparse late years retain relative size with blank counts. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
First 250mg generic launched February 3,2016. Older 350mg generic first launch remains unresolved; applying 2016 to the pooled ingredient would be wrong.
Vensun February 3,2016 launch announcement
Antispasmodic. Oral skeletal muscle relaxant. Strengths pooled. Paraflex/Strifon brand discontinuations do not establish ingredient withdrawal. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Older generic tablet first year unresolved. Lorzone 375/750mg authorized generic launched April 2019, a later strength-specific entry. Stopped brands do not mean ingredient withdrawal.
Antispasmodic. Oral skeletal muscle relaxant; conventional and ER oral products pooled. Later sublingual fibromyalgia products are outside this historical series. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic tablets: 1989. ER capsules launched 2011, with a later injunction.
FTC: Generic Drug Industry Dynamics
Peripheral. Peripheral muscle relaxant. Oral capsules only; injectable malignant-hyperthermia products excluded. Sparse survey sample; unknown count is not zero. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Elite oral capsules launched June 28,2019; earlier manufacturer launch leads exist, so 2019 is not asserted as first. Injectable dantrolene is excluded.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Elite June 28,2019 commercial launch
Antispastic. Oral antispastic and anxiolytic therapy. Counts include anxiety and other indications, not muscle-spasm-only use. Rectal/nasal rescue and injections excluded. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic oral tablets: 1985; rescue/injectable formulations differ.
FTC: Generic Drug Industry Dynamics
Historical. Historical muscle-relaxant predecessor. No qualifying survey anchors; catalog only, not a claim of current U.S. availability. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Historical Tolserol documentation found. Earliest generic availability and exact full commercial withdrawal remain unresolved; no qualifying 1996–2024 data.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA history of drug therapeutics regulation
Federal Register June 25,1970 DESI notice
Historical. Historical tranquilizer related to early muscle relaxants, primarily used for anxiety. Any counts include all indications; not attributed wholly to muscle disorders. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Court record establishes generic competition before 1969, but not exact first commercial year. No patent-expiration substitution. Primarily anxiolytic predecessor; all-indication series.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA history of drug therapeutics regulation
Antispasmodic. Oral skeletal muscle relaxant. Strengths pooled; verified generic timing applies to 800mg tablets. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic 800mg tablets: 2010; initial shipments briefly interrupted.
Sandoz May 20,2010 launch announcement
Antispasmodic. Oral skeletal muscle relaxant. Injectable formulations excluded; aspirin combination counted separately. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Current generic oral-tablet label confirms supply, not first commercial year. Injectable generic launch reports do not answer oral-tablet timing.
Methocarbamol tablet prescribing information
Antispasmodic. Oral skeletal muscle relaxant. ER tablets included; injections and aspirin/caffeine combination separated. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unverified
Oral ER generic supply is documented. Supplier-specific listing and pending launches cannot identify first all-supplier entry. Injectable products and fixed combinations differ.
Orphenadrine ER tablet prescribing information
Antispastic. Oral antispastic therapy. Tablets and capsules pooled for counts; their generic launch dates differ. Pharmacy fills across all indications; missing years interpolate toward the next supported value.
Generic tablets: 2002; capsules: February 6,2012.
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral, nasal and self-injection osteoporosis-drug pharmacy fills, all indications. Clinic-administered denosumab, romosozumab and zoledronic acid remain catalog only; their administration counts are not comparable pharmacy fills. General menopausal hormones have their own graph; Duavee is included for its osteoporosis-prevention indication. OTC calcium/vitamin D alone excluded. Fixed combinations/copacks counted once per fill. Annual MEPS1996–2024 and supported ~2025–26 projections. Sparse entries remain catalog-only. Missing years creep between anchors; unsupported tails keep relative size with blank counts. Documented discontinued products stop at conservative annual bounds. Generic markers follow actual commercial entry for the specified formulation; unknown first years remain unverified.
PTH analog. Self-injection pen. No qualifying identified survey count; catalog only, not zero.
Brand only at the2026 evidence check; no available generic/biosimilar established. Remaining2026 assumes no change.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Tymlos generic status, September10,2026
Bisphosphonate. Oral tablets/solutions, all indications. Vitamin-D fixed combination counted separately.
Generic: 2008. First tablet entry; liquid/effervescent products and vitamin-D combination have separate histories.
Barr commercial launch, February 6, 2008
Bisphosphonate. Fixed oral combination counted once per fill; component generic dates do not apply.
Brand only at the2026 evidence check; no available generic/biosimilar established. Remaining2026 assumes no change.
Fosamax Plus D generic status, August2026
SERM / estrogen. Oral estrogen/SERM combination with osteoporosis-prevention indication. May2020 packaging recall; returnedJune5,2023. No qualifying identified survey count; not zero.
Brand only at the2026 evidence check; no available generic/biosimilar established. Remaining2026 assumes no change.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Duavee generic status, September2026
Pfizer Duavee return, June5,2023
Calcitonin. Nasal and self-injection pharmacy fills pooled, all indications. Oral-form contradictions excluded. Nasal generic2008; injectable earliest generic unresolved, so pooled marker remains unknown.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved.
Miacalcin-equivalent nasal generics launchedDecember2008. Pooled nasal/injectable survey series also contains injectable products whose earliest generic launch remains unverified; no single pooled dollar-marker year inferred. Fortical is a distinct formulation; its2008 generic injunction does not negate Miacalcin-equivalent entry.
Unigene 2009 first-quarter report
Bisphosphonate. Historical copack, counted once per fill. Sales discontinued by2010; not a safety/effectiveness withdrawal. End2011 is a conservative annual bound; separate components remain available.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved.
Mylan ANDA application found, but no verified generic copack shipment/launch. Brand sales already discontinued by2010; no claim that the two separate components disappeared. Annual display ends2011; no exact discontinuation month inferred.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Warner Chilcott 2010 first-quarter report
FDA July7,2010 withdrawal determination
RANKL inhibitor. Clinician-administered osteoporosis therapy; catalog only, excluded from pharmacy-fill ranking. Xgeva oncology product excluded. Jubbonti is a biosimilar.
Biosimilar: 2025. Biosimilar commercially available June2,2025; not a small-molecule generic.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Sandoz Jubbonti availability, June 2, 2025
Historical. Historical off-label osteoporosis predecessor; all-indication fills also include approved Paget disease use. Manufacturing ended2018; listings end2019. Display ends2020, a conservative annual bound; exact last-sale date unknown.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial availability unresolved.
Generic approvals/listing dates do not prove first availability. Search forMylan1997 actual commercial release unresolved. USmanufacturing stopped2018; last listed marketing ends2019. Annual display ends2020 as conservative documented bound, not exact last-sale date.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Bisphosphonate. Oral150mg pharmacy fills; intravenous solution excluded.
Generic: 2012. Actual immediate shipment of oral generic; intravenous product excluded.
Mylan Boniva generic launch, March 20, 2012
SERM. Oral all-indication fills; breast-cancer risk reduction use is not separated.
Generic: 2014. Actual March2014 launch in manufacturer annual report.
Teva 2014 annual report launch table
Bisphosphonate. Oral immediate/delayed-release forms pooled, all indications. Generic entry differs by strength and release form.
Generic: 2014. 150mg in2014;5/30/35mg and delayed-release in2015. Marker means a generic oral strength exists, not every schedule. Exact delayed-release month remains unresolved.
Mylan 150mg risedronate launch, June 11, 2014
Teva 5/30/35mg risedronate launch, June 1, 2015
Teva 2015 second-quarter financial report
Sclerostin inhibitor. Clinician-administered therapy; catalog only, excluded from pharmacy-fill ranking.
Brand only at the2026 evidence check; no available generic/biosimilar established. Remaining2026 assumes no change.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Evenity biosimilar availability
PTH analog. Self-injection pen pharmacy fills, not injections administered. Sparse public survey counts may remain unknown.
Generic: 2023. November21,2023 actual ANDA-generic launch. Earlier separately approved alternatives are not counted as generic launch.
Apotex teriparatide launch, November 21, 2023
Teva first generic Forteo approval, November 2023
Bisphosphonate. Infusion; catalog only, excluded from pharmacy-fill ranking. Zometa oncology formulation differs.
Generic: 2013. Actual April3,2013 Reclast-equivalent launch;4mg oncology product differs.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Dr Reddy Reclast generic launch, April 3, 2013
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Recognized weight-management ingredients and fixed combinations, all-indication pharmacy fills. Liraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide include diabetes products: these are not obesity-only counts. Oral and self-injection products pooled. OTC Alli, known compounded combinations, placebo and contradictory route/identity records excluded. Fixed combinations counted once per fill. Historical withdrawals remain bounded; fenfluramine seizure-form return belongs in the withdrawn-medicines graph. Annual MEPS1996–2024, with explicit supported ~2025–26 projections. Sparse entries and2026 orforglipron remain catalog-only. Missing years creep between anchors; unsupported tails retain relative size with blank counts. Generic years follow actual commercial availability, with formulation differences and unknown first dates recorded.
Sympathomimetic. Oral sympathomimetic anorectic; sparse samples may leave counts unknown.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
2006 approval is not launch. Impax2008 product explicitly not marketed in2009. Earliest actual US commercial generic year still unresolved.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA benzphetamine generic approval letter2006
Combination. Fixed ER weight-management combination; counted once per fill. Component monotherapies excluded.
Brand only: no FDA-approved US generic verified through current2026 review.
Current status checked2026-10-23; held through calendar2026, subject to future launch updates. No patent expiry used as launch. Market guards prevent pre-entry display.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Contrave generic availability, September2026
Historical. Obesity drug withdrawn September1997 following heart-valve safety concerns; stops1998.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Historical US obesity formulation: withdrawal evidence verified; individual generic-launch searches did not establish actual commercial entry. No inferred generic year or brand-only claim. Returned fenfluramine seizure solution is outside this graph.
GAO drug withdrawal chronology, 2001
Sympathomimetic. Oral immediate/extended-release anorectic forms pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
25mg supplier launch documented2011; prior generic market and75mg ER first launch unresolved. No first-year inference from pre1982 approvals.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Lannett ships generics, October17,2011
Historical. Obesity tablets withdrawn September1997 following heart-valve safety concerns. Stops1998. Returned2020 FINTEPLA seizure solution excluded here; retained in the separate withdrawn-medicines timeline.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Historical US obesity formulation: withdrawal evidence verified; individual generic-launch searches did not establish actual commercial entry. No inferred generic year or brand-only claim. Returned fenfluramine seizure solution is outside this graph.
FDA Fintepla clinical review: 1997 withdrawal and 2020 epilepsy indication
GLP-1 agonist. All-indication ingredient fills include diabetes Victoza and weight-management Saxenda. These are not obesity-only counts. Different generic launch dates by formulation.
First pooled-ingredient generic: Victoza-equivalent June24,2024; Saxenda-equivalent3mg August28,2025.
Teva authorized generic Victoza launch, June24,2024
Teva generic Saxenda launch, August28,2025
5-HT2C agonist. Withdrawn February2020 after FDA cancer-risk review; stops2021.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Historical US obesity formulation: withdrawal evidence verified; individual generic-launch searches did not establish actual commercial entry. No inferred generic year or brand-only claim. Returned fenfluramine seizure solution is outside this graph.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA lorcaserin withdrawal, February 13, 2020
Historical. Historical anorectic; Sanorex stopped1999 for commercial reasons; broader US exit reported by2002. Annual display stops2003, a conservative bound rather than exact last sale.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
No verified first commercial generic entry found. Sanorex brand cessation1999 and broader commercial withdrawal by2002 do not establish generic history.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Mazindol clinical study historical review2018
FDA Sanorex determination, July15,2008
GLP-1 agonist. Oral GLP-1 weight-management medicine commercially available2026. No comparable observed survey counts through2024; catalog only.
Brand only: no FDA-approved US generic verified through current2026 review.
Current status checked2026-10-23; held through calendar2026, subject to future launch updates. No patent expiry used as launch. Market guards prevent pre-entry display.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Foundayo generic availability, September2026
Lipase inhibitor. Prescription120mg lipase inhibitor. OTC Alli60mg excluded when explicitly identified; unqualified orlistat records may not resolve strength.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
H2 authorized-generic listing lacks verified commercial launch evidence.2018 branded relaunch is not generic entry.60mg OTC Alli excluded.
H2 Pharma branded Xenical relaunch
Sympathomimetic. Oral immediate/extended-release anorectic forms pooled.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Elite35mg first shipment2012 was into an existing generic market; earliest US launch and105mg ER availability remain unresolved.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Elite first supplier shipment, November15,2012
Sympathomimetic. Oral anorectic; HCl and resin products pooled. Ingredient-level fills, not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Generic products are commercially documented by2011, but earliest US launch is unresolved. HCl tablets/capsules and resin-complex products differ. Later supplier entry and ANDA dates were not substituted.
Elite2019 annual commercial products
Elite2012 phentermine supplier delay
Lannett ships generics, October17,2011
Combination. Fixed ER weight-management combination; counted once per fill. Component monotherapies are not combined.
Generic ER combination launched May2025; individual component dates do not apply.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Teva Q2 2025 actual US launch table
GLP-1 agonist. All-indication fills pool Wegovy, Ozempic and oral Rybelsus. These are not obesity-only counts. Known compounded combinations excluded.2025–26 estimates do not measure uptake of new formulations.
Brand only: no FDA-approved US generic verified through current2026 review.
Current status checked2026-10-23; held through calendar2026, subject to future launch updates. No patent expiry used as launch. Market guards prevent pre-entry display.
Novo Nordisk semaglutide generic status
MC4 agonist. MC4 agonist for specified rare genetic obesity conditions. Sparse/unidentified survey use remains unknown.
Brand only: no FDA-approved US generic verified through current2026 review.
Current status checked2026-10-23; held through calendar2026, subject to future launch updates. No patent expiry used as launch. Market guards prevent pre-entry display.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Imcivree generic availability, September2026
Historical. Withdrawn October2010 over cardiovascular risk; stops2011.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Historical US obesity formulation: withdrawal evidence verified; individual generic-launch searches did not establish actual commercial entry. No inferred generic year or brand-only claim. Returned fenfluramine seizure solution is outside this graph.
FDA: sibutramine removed October 2010
GIP/GLP-1 agonist. All-indication fills include Zepbound and diabetes Mounjaro; not obesity-only counts. Known compounded combinations excluded.
Brand only: no FDA-approved US generic verified through current2026 review.
Current status checked2026-10-23; held through calendar2026, subject to future launch updates. No patent expiry used as launch. Market guards prevent pre-entry display.
Zepbound generic availability, September2026
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Historical HCV treatments and direct-acting combinations. Pharmacy fills, not treatment courses; shared ingredients include other indications. Sparse pre-2012 MEPS anchors and supplemental 2012–2024 Medicare Part D relative ranks. Every proxy has a blank count: no Medicare volume is relabeled as a national total. Missing years creep between supported anchors; after the last anchor hold relative size with blank counts. Verified market exits still apply. Oral ribavirin excludes inhaled Virazole and mixed-route CMS rows; oncology-only Sylatron excluded. Fixed combinations counted once. Nineteen catalog entries; unsupported entries remain inspectable without invented bars.
Protease inhibitor. Commercially discontinued in 2015 for business reasons, not a new safety signal. Merck said remaining inventory expired December 2015.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Individual US generic/biosimilar and historical-product searches did not establish an actual first commercial launch. Ingredient generic names and foreign suppliers are not proof of a US generic launch. No patent/approval date or unverified brand-only marker substituted.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
Merck: Victrelis discontinued for business reasons; inventory expired December 2015
NS5A inhibitor. US commercial discontinuation in 2019. Availability of daclatasvir generics abroad is not US availability. From the proxy transition onward: Medicare Part D relative ranking only; national count unknown. No treatment-course conversion. Missing cells creep between anchors; terminal relative size is held with blank counts.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Individual US generic/biosimilar and historical-product searches did not establish an actual first commercial launch. Ingredient generic names and foreign suppliers are not proof of a US generic launch. No patent/approval date or unverified brand-only marker substituted.
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
NIH LiverTox: daclatasvir US commercial discontinuation in 2019
Daklinza US generic/formulation status
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicines documentation
DAA combination. Copack and extended-release combination pooled. New Jersey DUR records January 2019 discontinuation; suppress from 2020. A liver-risk warning alone is not treated as the withdrawal date. From the proxy transition onward: Medicare Part D relative ranking only; national count unknown. No treatment-course conversion. Missing cells creep between anchors; terminal relative size is held with blank counts.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Individual US generic/biosimilar and historical-product searches did not establish an actual first commercial launch. Ingredient generic names and foreign suppliers are not proof of a US generic launch. No patent/approval date or unverified brand-only marker substituted.
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
New Jersey DUR Board April 2024: Viekira Pak discontinued January 2019
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicines documentation
DAA combination. Discontinued in December 2025 according to Washington’s February 2026 DUR transcript; absent in 2026. From the proxy transition onward: Medicare Part D relative ranking only; national count unknown. No treatment-course conversion. Missing cells creep between anchors; terminal relative size is held with blank counts.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Individual US generic/biosimilar and historical-product searches did not establish an actual first commercial launch. Ingredient generic names and foreign suppliers are not proof of a US generic launch. No patent/approval date or unverified brand-only marker substituted.
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
Washington P&T/DUR February 2026: Zepatier discontinued December 2025
Zepatier US generic/formulation status
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicines documentation
DAA combination. Fixed combination counted once per prescription fill. From the proxy transition onward: Medicare Part D relative ranking only; national count unknown. No treatment-course conversion. Missing cells creep between anchors; terminal relative size is held with blank counts.
Brand only: no US generic/biosimilar verified through the October 2026 review.
Current US status checked; retained through calendar 2026, subject to future updates. Market guards prevent pre-entry display.
Mavyret US generic/formulation status
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicines documentation
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
Interferon. Roferon-A discontinued commercially in October 2007; suppress from 2008. Shared ingredient pharmacy records may include non-HCV indications.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Individual US generic/biosimilar and historical-product searches did not establish an actual first commercial launch. Ingredient generic names and foreign suppliers are not proof of a US generic launch. No patent/approval date or unverified brand-only marker substituted.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
Smithsonian Roferon-A collection: US discontinuation October 2007
FDA review: historical product and generic-equivalent status
Interferon. Intron A solution stopped January 2022, with powder scheduled to stop March 2022; suppress from 2023. Shared-ingredient fills include other indications. From the proxy transition onward: Medicare Part D relative ranking only; national count unknown. No treatment-course conversion. Missing cells creep between anchors; terminal relative size is held with blank counts.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Individual US generic/biosimilar and historical-product searches did not establish an actual first commercial launch. Ingredient generic names and foreign suppliers are not proof of a US generic launch. No patent/approval date or unverified brand-only marker substituted.
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
Optum February 2022: Intron A solution discontinued; powder discontinuation March 2022
Hepatitis B Foundation 2020 treatment-access comparison
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicines documentation
Interferon / ribavirin. Historical co-pack counted once. Component ribavirin generic launch does not establish a generic co-pack. Last co-pack commercial date unresolved; 2023 is a conservative upper bound from Intron A exit, not an asserted co-pack withdrawal date.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Individual US generic/biosimilar and historical-product searches did not establish an actual first commercial launch. Ingredient generic names and foreign suppliers are not proof of a US generic launch. No patent/approval date or unverified brand-only marker substituted.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
Optum February 2022: Intron A solution discontinued; powder discontinuation March 2022
Interferon. Infergen commercially discontinued September 2013; suppress from 2014.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Individual US generic/biosimilar and historical-product searches did not establish an actual first commercial launch. Ingredient generic names and foreign suppliers are not proof of a US generic launch. No patent/approval date or unverified brand-only marker substituted.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
Aetna interferon policy: Infergen discontinued September 2013
DAA combination. Brand and authorized generic tablet claims pooled. Pediatric pellets can have a different generic history. From the proxy transition onward: Medicare Part D relative ranking only; national count unknown. No treatment-course conversion. Missing cells creep between anchors; terminal relative size is held with blank counts.
Generic available in the US from 2019: Harvoni adult-dose tablets, authorized generic; not pediatric pellets.
Actual commercial availability verified; no substitution of approval or expected patent expiry. Pooled row marks earliest verified generic for the specified formulation; not every formulation.
HHS OIG: Harvoni/Epclusa authorized generics introduced in January 2019
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicines documentation
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
DAA combination. Technivie commercial discontinuation; 2018 notice anticipated remaining availability until January 1, 2019. Conservatively retain the 2019 annual frame if supported, suppress from 2020; not a precise last-dispense date. From the proxy transition onward: Medicare Part D relative ranking only; national count unknown. No treatment-course conversion. Missing cells creep between anchors; terminal relative size is held with blank counts.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Individual US generic/biosimilar and historical-product searches did not establish an actual first commercial launch. Ingredient generic names and foreign suppliers are not proof of a US generic launch. No patent/approval date or unverified brand-only marker substituted.
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
Magellan June 2018: Technivie and Viekira XR planned availability to January 1, 2019
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicines documentation
Interferon. Pharmacy fills include hepatitis B and other indications. Missing 2020–2021 CMS cells interpolate between 2019 and 2022; they are not zero. From the proxy transition onward: Medicare Part D relative ranking only; national count unknown. No treatment-course conversion. Missing cells creep between anchors; terminal relative size is held with blank counts.
Brand only: no US generic/biosimilar verified through the October 2026 review.
Current US status checked; retained through calendar 2026, subject to future updates. Market guards prevent pre-entry display.
Peginterferon alfa-2a: no lower-cost generic approved
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicines documentation
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
Interferon. Specified vials stopped in 2016, but CMS still reports PegIntron claims through 2019. Preserve those observations; use FDA’s 2020 discontinued-product list as an upper bound, suppress from 2020. Oncology-only Sylatron excluded. Exact last dispensing date unresolved. From the proxy transition onward: Medicare Part D relative ranking only; national count unknown. No treatment-course conversion. Missing cells creep between anchors; terminal relative size is held with blank counts.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Individual US generic/biosimilar and historical-product searches did not establish an actual first commercial launch. Ingredient generic names and foreign suppliers are not proof of a US generic launch. No patent/approval date or unverified brand-only marker substituted.
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
FDA CDER June 2020 discontinued biological products list
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicines documentation
Ribavirin. Oral ribavirin only; inhaled Virazole and current mixed-route CMS rows are excluded. Counts cover identified pharmacy fills, not treatment courses. From the proxy transition onward: Medicare Part D relative ranking only; national count unknown. No treatment-course conversion. Missing cells creep between anchors; terminal relative size is held with blank counts.
Generic available in the US from 2004: Rebetol-equivalent oral 200 mg capsules; not the first generic tablet, liquid or inhaled product.
Actual commercial availability verified; no substitution of approval or expected patent expiry. Pooled row marks earliest verified generic for the specified formulation; not every formulation.
Sandoz actual US generic Rebetol launch, April 7, 2004 (SEC exhibit)
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicines documentation
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
Protease inhibitor. US commercial discontinuation in 2018; suppress from 2019. From the proxy transition onward: Medicare Part D relative ranking only; national count unknown. No treatment-course conversion. Missing cells creep between anchors; terminal relative size is held with blank counts.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Individual US generic/biosimilar and historical-product searches did not establish an actual first commercial launch. Ingredient generic names and foreign suppliers are not proof of a US generic launch. No patent/approval date or unverified brand-only marker substituted.
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
California ADAP: Olysio removal May 25, 2018
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicines documentation
NS5B inhibitor. Single-ingredient sofosbuvir only; combination products are separate rows. From the proxy transition onward: Medicare Part D relative ranking only; national count unknown. No treatment-course conversion. Missing cells creep between anchors; terminal relative size is held with blank counts.
Brand only: no US generic/biosimilar verified through the October 2026 review.
Current US status checked; retained through calendar 2026, subject to future updates. Market guards prevent pre-entry display.
Sovaldi US generic/formulation status
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicines documentation
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
DAA combination. Brand and authorized generic tablet claims pooled. Pediatric pellets can have a different generic history. From the proxy transition onward: Medicare Part D relative ranking only; national count unknown. No treatment-course conversion. Missing cells creep between anchors; terminal relative size is held with blank counts.
Generic available in the US from 2019: Epclusa adult-dose tablets, authorized generic; not pediatric pellets.
Actual commercial availability verified; no substitution of approval or expected patent expiry. Pooled row marks earliest verified generic for the specified formulation; not every formulation.
HHS OIG: Harvoni/Epclusa authorized generics introduced in January 2019
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicines documentation
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
DAA combination. Three-drug combination; not counted as single-ingredient sofosbuvir. From the proxy transition onward: Medicare Part D relative ranking only; national count unknown. No treatment-course conversion. Missing cells creep between anchors; terminal relative size is held with blank counts.
Brand only: no US generic/biosimilar verified through the October 2026 review.
Current US status checked; retained through calendar 2026, subject to future updates. Market guards prevent pre-entry display.
Vosevi US generic/formulation status
AHRQ MEPS prescribed-medicines documentation
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
Protease inhibitor. Vertex withdrew Incivek from the US market in 2014 after declining demand and competition.
Generic: first US commercial availability unresolved
Individual US generic/biosimilar and historical-product searches did not establish an actual first commercial launch. Ingredient generic names and foreign suppliers are not proof of a US generic launch. No patent/approval date or unverified brand-only marker substituted.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
University of Washington: hepatitis C drug catalog
MEPS numeric thresholds: at least30 people/RSE≤30%; ~estimate: at least15/RSE≤30%; ordinal: at least10/RSE≤50%. Approximate domain variance uses positive-weight pharmacy-event PSUs. Unsupported cells remain unknown. CMS uses overall-manufacturer records only:2012–2016 and2015–2019 historical releases, newest nonmissing record per brand/year with older missing-row backfill;2020–2024 current release. Historical releases can omit retired products; missing cells are not zero. Exact brand crosswalks resolve abbreviated combination names.
A fixed visual conversion uses the2015 Harvoni MEPS/PartD ratio; that survey anchor has only20 people and ~42% RSE. This weak calibration is for relative widths only, never a national count estimate. Modern rows all use the same subset and blank counts. Transitions from early survey anchors to CMS are also ordinal-only. Medicare age, disability, payer and formulary mix limit national interpretation. No2025–2026 observed volumes or treatment-course estimates are invented.
Dollar markers use actual US generic availability for the specified formulation: oral ribavirin capsules2004; adult Harvoni/Epclusa authorized-generic tablets2019. Pediatric pellets, tablets versus capsules, co-packs and injections may differ. Unresolved histories have explicit unknowns, not invented generic dates. Current brand-only status is verified separately. Commercial discontinuation, inventory depletion and manufacturer withdrawal are distinguished where evidence permits.
Oral H2 blockers, proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), buffered omeprazole and the potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) vonoprazan. All-indication prescription pharmacy fills; known OTC products, nonoral routes, conflicting identities and antibiotic co-packs excluded. Oral formulations pooled. Annual MEPS1996–2024 with supported ~2025–26 projections. Missing years creep between anchors; unsupported tails retain relative size with blank counts. Ranitidine withdrawal blocks carry-forward across2021–2025; reformulated tablets are now available but have no new volume anchor. Vonoprazan remains catalog-only without a reliable count. Generic years reflect actual oral commercial entry, with formulation differences and supply interruptions recorded.
H2 blocker. Oral prescription pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral formulations pooled; generic marker denotes first available oral generic, not every formulation. Known OTC products excluded; unidentified OTC-equivalent prescriptions cannot always be separated.
Generic: 1994 (oral tablets). First available oral generic, not all pooled formulations.
Endo history records actual cimetidine offering in May1994; corroborated by1994 market/supply litigation. Liquid first launch remains unresolved.
Cimetidine commercial generic evidence
1994 cimetidine supply litigation
PPI. Oral prescription pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral formulations pooled; generic marker denotes first available oral generic, not every formulation. Known OTC products excluded; unidentified OTC-equivalent prescriptions cannot always be separated.
Generic: 2022 (30/60mg delayed-release capsules, authorized generic). First available oral generic, not all pooled formulations.
2026 court order recounts TWi authorized generic launch around January1,2022, before Par60mg November22,2022. Allegations-based procedural background corroborated by contemporary launch notice and DailyMed; not September2022 ANDA approval.
Dexlansoprazole commercial generic evidence
January–February2022 pharmacy purchasing launch notice
PPI. Oral prescription pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral formulations pooled; generic marker denotes first available oral generic, not every formulation. Known OTC products excluded; unidentified OTC-equivalent prescriptions cannot always be separated.
Generic: 2015 (delayed-release capsules). First available oral generic, not all pooled formulations.
Teva Q12015 results confirm actual US generic launch in that quarter. Packet/suspension first generic date unresolved.
Esomeprazole commercial generic evidence
DrReddy December30,2015 relaunch
H2 blocker. Oral prescription pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral formulations pooled; generic marker denotes first available oral generic, not every formulation. Known OTC products excluded; unidentified OTC-equivalent prescriptions cannot always be separated.
Generic: 2001 (20/40mg oral tablets). First available oral generic, not all pooled formulations.
DrReddy corporate announcement records US launch April16,2001, distinct from approval and from later oral suspension.
Famotidine commercial generic evidence
Salix2011 annual report: famotidine suspension
PPI. Oral prescription pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral formulations pooled; generic marker denotes first available oral generic, not every formulation. Known OTC products excluded; unidentified OTC-equivalent prescriptions cannot always be separated.
Generic: 2009 (delayed-release capsules). First available oral generic, not all pooled formulations.
Mylan annual report records immediate shipment after November10,2009 approval. Orally disintegrating tablets entered later.
Lansoprazole commercial generic evidence
Generic lansoprazole ODT launches
H2 blocker. Oral prescription pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral formulations pooled; generic marker denotes first available oral generic, not every formulation. Known OTC products excluded; unidentified OTC-equivalent prescriptions cannot always be separated. Selected NDMA lot recalls do not prove whole-ingredient withdrawal.
Generic: 2002 (oral capsules). First available oral generic, not all pooled formulations.
Reliant S1 states first generic nizatidine entered market July2002; not April patent expiry. Oral-solution first generic launch unresolved.
Nizatidine commercial generic evidence
PPI. Oral prescription pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral formulations pooled; generic marker denotes first available oral generic, not every formulation. Known OTC products excluded; unidentified OTC-equivalent prescriptions cannot always be separated.
Generic: 2002 (delayed-release capsules). First available oral generic, not all pooled formulations.
Federal court opinion records KUDCo commercial launch December2002. Does not establish tablet/suspension/OTC entry dates.
Omeprazole commercial generic evidence
PPI / buffer. Oral prescription pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral formulations pooled; generic marker denotes first available oral generic, not every formulation. Known OTC products excluded; unidentified OTC-equivalent prescriptions cannot always be separated.
Generic: 2010 (20/40mg immediate-release capsules). First available oral generic, not all pooled formulations.
Santarus records Prasco authorized-generic shipments in lateJune2010. Powder-for-suspension has separate unresolved generic history; component omeprazole2002 not substituted.
Omeprazole-Sodium Bicarbonate commercial generic evidence
PPI. Oral prescription pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral formulations pooled; generic marker denotes first available oral generic, not every formulation. Known OTC products excluded; unidentified OTC-equivalent prescriptions cannot always be separated.
Generic: 2007 (20/40mg delayed-release tablets). First available oral generic, not all pooled formulations.
Teva annual report records actual December2007 sales and subsequent shipment standstill; Wyeth authorized generic launched January2008. Granules have separate history; IV excluded.
Pantoprazole commercial generic evidence
Teva shipment standstill termination
PPI. Oral prescription pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral formulations pooled; generic marker denotes first available oral generic, not every formulation. Known OTC products excluded; unidentified OTC-equivalent prescriptions cannot always be separated.
Generic: 2013 (20mg delayed-release tablets). First available oral generic, not all pooled formulations.
Lupin November11,2013 release confirms actual US launch. Does not apply to pediatric sprinkle capsules.
Rabeprazole commercial generic evidence
H2 blocker. Original oral ranitidine withdrawn April2020 over NDMA;2020 includes possible pre-removal fills. Reformulated150/300mg tablets approved November2025 and commercially orderable by October2026; exact first shipment year unresolved. No post-return volume anchor, so old counts are not carried across withdrawal. Zantac360 is famotidine, excluded here.
Generic: 1997 (historical oral products). First available oral generic, not all pooled formulations.
Sanofi records generic availability from1997. Original products withdrawn2020; reformulated150/300mg tablets now commercially offered byRising; exact first shipment year2025 versus2026 unresolved.
Ranitidine commercial generic evidence
FDA April1,2020 ranitidine market removal
FDA November24,2025 reformulated ranitidine approval
Rising reformulated ranitidine commercial offering
PCAB. PCAB tablets commercially available November28,2023. Antibiotic co-packs excluded. No reliable public survey volume anchor; catalog only, count unknown.
Brand only through the2026 evidence check; no US generic available.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Phathom2023 results: actual VOQUEZNA availability
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
BPH drug ingredients: alpha blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, tadalafil and fixed combinations. All-indication pharmacy fills, not BPH-only prescribing. Explicit Propecia, Adcirca and Alyq records, nonoral products and conflicting identities excluded; remaining generic strengths may still include alopecia, ED, hypertension or other use. Tadalafil appears from its 2011 BPH indication. Fixed combinations count once. MEPS1996–2024 with supported ~2025–26 projections. Missing years creep between anchors; unsupported tails retain relative size with blank counts. ENTADFI remains catalog-only without a reliable count; its 2022 launch, later abandoned commercialization and unresolved generic shipment are recorded. Generic markers use verified first oral commercial entry, with formulation differences explicit.
Alpha blocker. Alpha blocker. Oral extended-release product; all-indication pharmacy fills.
Generic: 2011. Mylan confirms shipped ER tablets.
Mylan shipped generic Uroxatral, August 12, 2011
Alpha blocker. Alpha blocker. Includes hypertension prescribing and pooled IR/ER forms; counts are not BPH-specific. Generic marker refers to IR tablets, not Cardura XL.
Generic: 2000. IR commercial availability corroborated by original market study. Cardura XL is a separate release form; its first generic launch remains unverified.
Teva doxazosin release, October 22, 2000
Stafford et al., JAMA: alpha-blocker prescribing 1996–2002
5-alpha reductase inhibitor. 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. All-indication pharmacy fills; may include off-label use. Fixed dutasteride/tamsulosin counted separately.
Generic: 2015. Teva U.S. launch October 2015; component date not applied to combinations.
Teva exclusive generic Avodart launch, October 12, 2015
Fixed combination. Fixed 5-alpha reductase inhibitor / alpha blocker. Combination fills counted once, never added to each component. Par generic launched November 2015; Prasco launch delayed.
Generic: 2015. Par commercial launch November 2015. Prasco planned authorized-generic launch was delayed; first Par entry is retained.
OptumRx: Jalyn first-time generic, November 24, 2015
GSK 2015 results: generic competition in U.S.
5-alpha reductase inhibitor. 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. Explicit Propecia records excluded; remaining generic strengths are pooled and can include alopecia use. Counts are not BPH-only. Generic marker refers to 5mg commercial entry in 2006; 1mg arrived in 2013.
Generic: 2006. Proscar-equivalent 5mg sales began June 2006. Alopecia-strength 1mg generic arrived January 2013; marker indicates first oral generic, not every strength.
Dr Reddy’s 2006 Form 20-F: U.S. generic Proscar sales
Dr Reddy’s 2013 Form 20-F: finasteride 1mg
Fixed combination. Fixed 5-alpha reductase inhibitor / PDE5 inhibitor. Veru reported commercial availability in 2022; subsequent owner abandoned commercialization in 2024 and destroyed inventory. No supported annual count. Generic approval in 2024 is not evidence of shipment; current generic commercial status unresolved.
Generic: actual U.S. commercial availability year unresolved. Approval in 2024 does not establish launch.
Manufacturer approval release, brand-owner 2022/2026 filings and Zydus/Novitium launch searches reviewed. No verified generic shipment found; no invented year or brand-only claim.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Zydus finasteride/tadalafil approval, March 16, 2024
Onconetix June 2026 Form 10-Q, filed August 13, 2026
Alpha blocker. Alpha blocker. All-indication pharmacy fills. Sparse years remain blank or interpolate between supported anchors.
Generic: 2018. Lupin U.S. capsule launch December 2018; earlier approval not substituted.
Lupin launches generic Rapaflo
Lupin launch announcement dated December 4, 2018
PDE5 inhibitor. PDE5 inhibitor. Included from 2011 BPH indication onward. Counts still include ED, all retained strengths and possible unrecognized PAH use; explicit Adcirca/Alyq excluded. Not BPH-only prescribing.
Generic: 2018. Teva September 2018 launch includes 5mg. PAH products have separate histories; identified Adcirca/Alyq records excluded.
Teva generic Cialis launch, September 27, 2018
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines documentation
Alpha blocker. Alpha blocker. All-indication pharmacy fills, including possible non-BPH use. Generic capsule shipments began in 2010.
Generic: 2010. Impax began shipment in March 2010.
Impax begins generic Flomax shipments, March 2010
Alpha blocker. Alpha blocker. Includes hypertension prescribing; counts are not BPH-specific.
Generic: 1999. Geneva actual capsule entry August 1999 after approval-related delay; tablet formulation history not separately established.
FTC complaint: Abbott/Geneva Hytrin entry
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Single-ingredient oral calcium-channel blockers: dihydropyridines and other calcium antagonists. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; fixed combinations, IV and topical products excluded. MEPS1996–2024 with supported ~2025–26 projections. Missing years creep between supported anchors; unsupported tails retain relative size with blank counts. Historical bepridil and mibefradil are included in the catalog, with sparse counts withheld. Mibefradil was withdrawn in 1998 because of dangerous interactions. Levamlodipine commercialization ended before its 2025 application withdrawal; remaining inventory could sell through. Generic markers use verified first oral commercial entry, with formulation differences and unresolved dates explicit.
Dihydropyridine. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and oral release forms pooled; historical trade label does not imply brand-only volume. Fixed combinations excluded.
Generic tablets:2007. Later oral liquids have separate availability histories.
Mylan actual amlodipine launch, SEC filing
Non-dihydropyridine. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and oral release forms pooled; historical trade label does not imply brand-only volume. Fixed combinations excluded. Historical antianginal; US discontinuation reported in context of torsades risk. Exact final-sale year unresolved. Catalog presence does not imply current availability.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Historical first US generic commercial availability unresolved. Discontinued US ingredient; exact last sale and manufacturer history need archival evidence.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Original bepridil laboratory study, background discussion
Oregon P&T calcium-channel blocker review, January 26, 2012
Non-dihydropyridine. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and oral release forms pooled; historical trade label does not imply brand-only volume. Fixed combinations excluded.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
1992 is first ANDA approval, not verified shipment. Andrx marketed-product table verifies Dilacor XR-type1997,Cardizem CD-type1999,Tiazac-type2003; original IR first sale unresolved.
Original MEPS antihypertensive ecology study, methods/table1
Andrx2004 Form10-K, marketed-products table
Dihydropyridine. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and oral release forms pooled; historical trade label does not imply brand-only volume. Fixed combinations excluded.
Generic: 2004 (extended-release oral tablets)
AstraZeneca first-half2005 results
Dihydropyridine. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and oral release forms pooled; historical trade label does not imply brand-only volume. Fixed combinations excluded.
Generic IR capsules:2006; DynaCirc CR formulation is distinct.
FTC Actavis/Abrika competition analysis, page2
Dihydropyridine. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and oral release forms pooled; historical trade label does not imply brand-only volume. Fixed combinations excluded. Active S-enantiomer is separate from racemic amlodipine. Applicant reported no longer marketed; NDA withdrawal on September 3, 2025 permits inventory sell-through. Exact final dispensing and first AG shipment unresolved.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
2021labelmarketingdate insufficient; actualgenericavailability corroborated by2023P&T, first shipment unresolved.2025NDAwithdrawal includes AG under sameNDA.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Levamlodipine authorized-generic label
North Carolina Medicaid P&T minutes, January12,2023 page7
FDA2025 NDA withdrawals, Conjupri NDA212895
Non-dihydropyridine. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and oral release forms pooled; historical trade label does not imply brand-only volume. Fixed combinations excluded. Withdrawn June 8, 1998 because of dangerous drug interactions. No carry-forward after 1998.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Historical generic launch not found; no date or brand-only claim inferred. Ingredient withdrawn1998.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA Federal Register1998 withdrawal rationale
Dihydropyridine. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and oral release forms pooled; historical trade label does not imply brand-only volume. Fixed combinations excluded.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
1996ANDAapproval and2008IVlaunch rejected as oral commercial evidence.2023capsulelaunch confirmed but cannot substitute for earliest capsule availability.
Original MEPS antihypertensive ecology study, methods/table1
Senores/Burel nicardipine capsule launch, September25,2023
Dihydropyridine. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and oral release forms pooled; historical trade label does not imply brand-only volume. Fixed combinations excluded.
Generic conventional oral product:1990. ER products have separate launch histories.
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
Dihydropyridine. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and oral release forms pooled; historical trade label does not imply brand-only volume. Fixed combinations excluded. Used for subarachnoid hemorrhage; hospital administrations are outside this pharmacy measure. Nimotop brand stopped in 2011; generic capsules and oral solution are distinct from brand discontinuation.
Generic: 2007, oral capsules (Sun April launch). Later oral solutions are distinct.
Actual launch stated in primary U.S. subsidiary annual report, verified through indexed text. Barr May2007 planned launch was not used as actual shipment evidence. Full Sun PDF retrieval exceeded service size limit.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Inc. FY2006–07 annual report
Dihydropyridine. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and oral release forms pooled; historical trade label does not imply brand-only volume. Fixed combinations excluded. Original and reformulated ER strengths pooled; generic entries in 2008 and 2011 respectively.
Generic original ER strengths:2008; reformulated lower-strength ER tablets:2011.
Mylan first generic Sular ER launch, July28,2008
Mylan lower-strength generic Sular ER, January28,2011
Non-dihydropyridine. All-indication oral pharmacy fills. Brands, strengths and oral release forms pooled; historical trade label does not imply brand-only volume. Fixed combinations excluded.
Generic conventional oral product:1986; later ER formulations have separate launch histories.
Reiffen and Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, table 1 (printed p39)
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral penicillin ingredients and genuine inhibitor combinations. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; injections, topical products and antibiotic co-packs excluded. MEPS1996–2024 with supported ~2025–26 projections. Missing years creep between supported anchors; unsupported tails retain relative size with blank counts. Historical oral products remain in the catalog when samples cannot support bars. Pivya launched in February2026; annual prescription count is unknown. Brand discontinuation does not prove ingredient withdrawal. Generic conventional Augmentin entry2002 is distinct from ER entry2010; unresolved first generic dates stay explicit.
Aminopenicillin. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral strengths/release forms pooled. Historical trade label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
1978 multiple-supplier listing and later generic records reviewed. Earliest actual sale not established; no ANDA date substituted. ER Moxatag separate from conventional formulations.
Kentucky administrative register February 1978, generic formulary
Inhibitor combo. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral strengths/release forms pooled. Historical trade label does not imply brand-only counts. Genuine inhibitor combination, counted once. Conventional formulations first generic 2002; ER tablets entered in 2010; other formulation dates remain separate.
Generic conventional oral products: 2002; ER tablets: 2010. Other formulation-specific first dates remain unresolved.
Novartis 2003 annual report, first generic AmoxC
Novartis 2010 annual report, Sandoz launches
Aminopenicillin. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral strengths/release forms pooled. Historical trade label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Historical generic-use evidence by1966 retained; exact earliest oral commercial entry remains unresolved.
FTC Generic Substitution and Prescription Drug Prices
Aminopenicillin. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral strengths/release forms pooled. Historical trade label does not imply brand-only counts. Ampicillin prodrug. Spectrobid tablets/suspension no longer marketed; applications withdrawn November 12, 2015 at applicant request. Not a safety finding.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
First commercial generic history not verified; no brand-only assumption. Spectrobid tablets and suspension no longer marketed before November2015application withdrawal.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA approval withdrawals October13,2015
Carboxypenicillin. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral strengths/release forms pooled. Historical trade label does not imply brand-only counts. Only oral carbenicillin indanyl/Geocillin; parenteral carbenicillin excluded. Manufacturer discontinued 2008; no alternative FDA-approved tablets then reported.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Geocillin oral indanyl product discontinued2008; contemporaneous bulletin reports no other approved manufacturer. That does not prove brand-only throughout its history.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Auburn Drug Information Center, May23,2008 bulletin
Antistaph. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral strengths/release forms pooled. Historical trade label does not imply brand-only counts. Tegopen capsules/solution applications withdrawn 1995 after no-longer-marketed notice. This alone does not date disappearance of every generic; historical oral records retained. Current oral status unresolved.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Tegopen oral brand applications withdrawn1995. Oral survey records later exist; do not infer all generics disappeared. First generic launch and final oral market exit unresolved.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA September29,1995 withdrawals, capsules
FDA September29,1995 withdrawals, continuation
Aminopenicillin. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral strengths/release forms pooled. Historical trade label does not imply brand-only counts. Historical oral Cyclapen-W. Discontinued product in FDA catalog; exact final sale and generic history unresolved. FDA withdrew tablets/suspension approvals September 17, 2003 after no-longer-marketed notice; no safety reason stated.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Cyclapen-W oral products no longer marketed before September17,2003application withdrawal. Earliest generic entry and exact final sale unresolved.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA March2020 Orange Book discontinued list
FDA August18,2003 approval withdrawals
Antistaph. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral strengths/release forms pooled. Historical trade label does not imply brand-only counts.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Later generic labels verify oral products but supplier/repackager start dates cannot establish earliest U.S. commercial entry. No1968approval or1982ANDAdate substituted.
Manufacturer dicloxacillin oral capsule label
Antistaph. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral strengths/release forms pooled. Historical trade label does not imply brand-only counts. Explicit oral forms only; injections excluded. Unipen capsule application withdrawn 1999 for missing annual reports; oral solution later reported no longer marketed. Exact final oral dispensing unresolved; not ingredient withdrawal.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Unipen capsule approval withdrawn1999 for missing reports. First oral generic launch and actual last sale unresolved; no injectable date substituted.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Antistaph. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral strengths/release forms pooled. Historical trade label does not imply brand-only counts. Oral capsules only; injections excluded. Prostaphlin capsule application withdrawn 1995 after no-longer-marketed notice. This is not withdrawal of injectable oxacillin.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Historical oral Prostaphlin brand withdrawn1995. First oral generic launch unresolved; injectable manufacturers and dates do not apply.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA September29,1995 withdrawals, capsules
FDA September29,1995 withdrawals, continuation
Natural. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral strengths/release forms pooled. Historical trade label does not imply brand-only counts. Penicillin V plus historical unspecified penicillin after injection exclusions; not all penicillin-class drugs. Residual identity uncertainty remains.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Historical generic-use evidence by1973 retained; exact first oral PenV entry remains unresolved. Injectable histories do not determine this marker.
FTC Generic Substitution and Prescription Drug Prices
Amidinopenicillin. Oral outpatient pharmacy fills, all indications. Brands and oral strengths/release forms pooled. Historical trade label does not imply brand-only counts. Pivya launched in the United States February 18, 2026 after FDA approval 2024; manufacturer reported first prescription sale March 6, 2026. No supported annual count yet; not zero.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved
Pivya U.S. brand launch2026 verified. Independent generic/authorized-generic absence through2026 not established from a launch announcement; retain unknown rather than infer a dollar marker.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Alembic Pivya U.S. commercial launch February18,2026
Alembic first prescription sale March6,2026
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Bladder antimuscarinics, beta-3 agonists and flavoxate. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills; prescription oxybutynin patches and gels included, explicit OTC products and foreign combinations excluded. MEPS1996–2024 with supported ~2025–26 projections. Missing years creep between supported anchors; unsupported tails retain relative size with blank counts. Generic dates distinguish IR/ER formulations and mirabegron’s temporary2024 launch interruption. Unresolved earliest dates remain explicit.
Antimuscarinic. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills, not OAB-only counts. Brand labels identify historical products; volumes pool brands and generics.
Generic:2016 ER tablets; actual pharmacy availability, not approval date.
Carlisle pharmacy: generic Enablex available, March15,2016
Antimuscarinic. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills, not OAB-only counts. Brand labels identify historical products; volumes pool brands and generics.
Generic:2022 ER tablets; actual US commercial launch.
Dr Reddy manufacturer release: fesoterodine launch, July8,2022
Antispasmodic. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills, not OAB-only counts. Brand labels identify historical products; volumes pool brands and generics. Urinary antispasmodic includes symptomatic urinary-tract indications; sparse survey counts may remain catalog-only.
Generic: first commercial year unresolved. First generic announced for immediate marketing August2003; actual sales confirmed by2004. No precise boundary inferred.
First-shipment evidence still needed to distinguish2003from2004; searched manufacturer launch and financial filings. Approval and future-tense immediate marketing alone are insufficient.
Impax first generic Urispas announcement, August29,2003
Impax financial results, August4,2004
Beta-3 agonist. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills, not OAB-only counts. Brand labels identify historical products; volumes pool brands and generics. Generic tablet launch briefly interrupted in2024 and resumed by May10; this was not withdrawal of the ingredient.
Generic:2024 ER tablets. April25mg launch briefly halted; shipments resumed by May10.50mg launched September. Granules generic availability unresolved.
Lupin launches mirabegron25mg, April20,2024
Lupin stock-exchange shipment resumption, May10,2024
Lupin launches mirabegron50mg, September4,2024
Antimuscarinic. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills, not OAB-only counts. Brand labels identify historical products; volumes pool brands and generics. Immediate and extended-release forms pooled. Prescription patches and gels included; explicitly OTC Oxytrol for Women excluded. Neurogenic bladder and other uses may contribute. Older IR generic first sale is unresolved despite verified ER2006 launch.
Generic: earliest IR commercial year unresolved. ER5/10mg tablets launched2006; transdermal generic launch unresolved. No invented pooled $ boundary.
Searched US first launch/1988historical records; found approval listings, not actual initial shipment. Continue supplier archives for IR, syrup and transdermal.2006ERcannot stand in for olderIR.
Mylan immediate oxybutyninER launch, November10,2006
Antimuscarinic. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills, not OAB-only counts. Brand labels identify historical products; volumes pool brands and generics.
Generic:2019 tablets. VESIcare LS suspension first generic commercial year unresolved.
Teva launches solifenacin tablets, April22,2019
Antimuscarinic. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills, not OAB-only counts. Brand labels identify historical products; volumes pool brands and generics. Immediate and extended-release forms pooled.
Generic:2012 IR tablets;2014 ER capsules. Pooled ingredient marker uses earliest verified oral formulation.
Mylan immediate shipment of generic Detrol, November29,2012
Teva authorized-generic Detrol LA launch, January3,2014
Antimuscarinic. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills, not OAB-only counts. Brand labels identify historical products; volumes pool brands and generics. Immediate and extended-release forms pooled.
Generic:2010 IR tablets;2012 ER capsules. Pooled marker uses earliest verified oral formulation.
Allergan2010 annual report: generic trospium launch
Actavis2012 annual report: US generic launches
Beta-3 agonist. All-indication outpatient pharmacy fills, not OAB-only counts. Brand labels identify historical products; volumes pool brands and generics. US commercial launch April2021; December2020 approval is not the launch date.
Brand only through2026; Gemtesa US launch April2021. No generic substitute per manufacturer checked October23,2026.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Sumitomo confirms Gemtesa US launch, April13,2021
Gemtesa manufacturer current availability
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral tetracycline ingredients across all indications. IV, topical, local dental products and multidrug packs excluded; historical catalog entries do not imply current availability. MEPS 1996–2024 with supported ~2025–26 projections. Missing years creep between supported anchors; unsupported tails retain relative size with blank counts. Generic dates distinguish conventional and modified-release formulations, including brief 2009 minocycline ER launches and later return. Unresolved earliest dates remain explicit.
Tetracycline. Historical oral tetracycline documented by Smithsonian capsule artifact. No supported annual modern oral count or precise final human-market exit established. Veterinary/topical products excluded; catalog is not a current-availability claim.
Generic: first U.S. oral commercial year unresolved; historical product only. No current availability implied.
Searched U.S. human oral generic commercial history; found historical branded products, veterinary/foreign records and regulatory listings, not verified first U.S. generic shipments. Exact final oral commercial exit also unresolved. No counts or market continuity invented.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH LiverTox: tetracycline family
Tetracycline. Oral tablet fills across indications; noninfectious use such as SIADH can contribute. Low sample sizes remain unknown rather than zero.
Generic: 2004 oral tablets; actual first-quarter shipments confirmed by Impax.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Impax: first-quarter 2004 results, May 5,2004
Tetracycline. Oral salts, strengths and release formulations pooled; acne, rosacea, infection, prophylaxis and periodontal uses may contribute. Local dental/topical products excluded. Brand label is representative, not brand-only volume.
Generic: earliest pooled oral year unresolved. Monohydrate capsule availability described in 2000; delayed-release 150 mg tablets shipped 2012. These are not the first conventional hyclate launch.
Searched early generic hyclate launches and court/issuer records. No defensible earliest conventional-release hyclate year found. Continue historical supplier archives; do not substitute laterDRor salt-specific dates.
Eon v Watson,2001 court opinion
Mylan launches Doryx 150 mg generic, April 30,2012
Pfizer history: Terramycin and Vibramycin
Tetracycline. Oral conventional and extended-release products pooled across indications, including acne. Topical foams and local dental microspheres excluded. ER generic interruption did not remove conventional oral generic minocycline.
Generic: 1990 conventional oral entry. ER 45/90/135 mg briefly shipped 2009, interrupted, relaunched 2011; pooled $ uses earliest 1990 entry. Topical/dental excluded.
FTC Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, Table 1
Teva generic Solodyn shipment announcement, March 18,2009
Medicis 2010 first-quarter Form 10-Q
Solodyn court memorandum, January 25,2018
Aminomethylcycline. Aminomethylcycline marketed in U.S. February 2019. Only oral fills included; IV administration excluded. Limited household samples and masked identities can leave annual counts unknown.
Brand only through 2026; U.S. launch 2019. No approved generic in current availability reference checked October 23,2026.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Paratek 2018 Form 10-K, filed 2019
Nuzyra generic availability, September 10,2026
Tetracycline. Historical U.S. oral tetracycline; Terramycin sold from 1950. No supported modern annual oral count or exact final oral-market exit established; catalog presence does not imply current availability. Veterinary and topical products excluded.
Generic: first U.S. oral commercial year unresolved; historical product only. No current availability implied.
Searched U.S. human oral generic commercial history; found historical branded products, veterinary/foreign records and regulatory listings, not verified first U.S. generic shipments. Exact final oral commercial exit also unresolved. No counts or market continuity invented.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
NIH LiverTox: tetracycline family
Narrow-spectrum. Narrow-spectrum oral tetracycline for acne; not labeled to treat or prevent infections. U.S. commercial launch January 2019, after 2018 approval. Sparse or masked survey identity cannot be treated as zero prescriptions.
Brand only through 2026; U.S. launch 2019. No approved generic in current availability reference checked October 23,2026.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Paratek 2018 Form 10-K, filed 2019
Seysara generic availability, September 10,2026
AHRQ MEPS 2024 prescribed medicines
Tetracycline. Oral single-ingredient pharmacy fills across indications. H.pylori multidrug packs and fixed combinations excluded. Historical brand label does not imply current brand availability.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved. Older generic sales bound retained; no invented $ transition.
Searched historical FTC and supplier records. Inherited generic-by 1966 bound is not a first launch and full PDF could not be re-read. Continue original supplier shipment archives.
FTC Generic Substitution and Prescription Drug Prices
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral gout medicines and genuine fixed combinations. All-indication pharmacy fills, including other uses. General NSAIDs/steroids and infused pegloticase excluded. Historical catalog entries do not imply current availability. MEPS 1996–2024 with supported ~2025–26 projections. Missing years creep between supported anchors; unsupported tails retain relative size with blank counts. Colchicine generic availability is interrupted in2011–2014, with approved tablets/capsules returning2015; older first availability remains unknown. Generic dates are formulation-specific. Lesinurad products end after2019. Unresolved earliest dates remain explicit.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Oral all-indication pharmacy fills; oncology-related hyperuricemia and kidney-stone use can contribute. IVAloprim excluded. Representative brand is not brand-only volume.
Generic: first U.S. oral commercial year unresolved.1984 approval is not a verified launch.
Searched Watson and other early supplier histories,1984–1986 commercial records and government industry tables. Found approval dates and general sales evidence, not a defensible earliest generic launch. Continue supplier shipment archives. IVallopurinol is outside this set.
Combination. Genuine fixed combination launched October 2017; sales discontinued February 2019 for business reasons. Counted once; allopurinol component generic history does not transfer. No carry-forward beyond 2019.
Brand-only during the U.S. commercial episode; no generic launch identified. Sales discontinued February 2019 for business reasons; no current availability implied.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Ironwood 2018 second-quarter Form 10-Q
Arthritis Foundation: Two gout drugs removed
Duzallo current regulatory availability compilation
Anti-inflammatory. All oral indications and formulations pooled; FMF, pericarditis and later cardiovascular use can contribute. Older unapproved products preceded Colcrys.2010 removal did not end the ingredient; approved generics returned 2015. Liquid and 0.5 mgproducts have separate histories.
Generic: approved tablets/capsules launched January 2015 after the 2010 removal of older unapproved products. Earliest historical generic year unknown; $only 2011–2014.
Historical unapproved generic first launch unresolved. Verified 2015 approved entry is a re-entry, not the first-ever ingredient generic date.2011–2014 brand-only window follows observed marketed formulations;2010 is a transition year. Liquid and 0.5 mgcardiovascular formulations have separate unresolved generic dates.
Takeda financial statements,2015, PDFpage 5
Hikma Mitigare litigation update,2016
McCormick etal., JAMA Internal Medicine,2021
FDA September 30,2010 release, republished
Combination. Genuine oral fixed combination counted once, separately from each component. The single-ingredient colchicine enforcement episode does not apply to this combination.
Generic: earliest U.S. combination launch unresolved. The 2010 single-ingredient colchicine action did not remove this combination.
Searched ColBenemid/Col-Probenecid/Proben-C and early FDAcorrespondence. Old approvals and measured later dispensing confirm a distinct product, not earliest generic sale. Do not apply component dates.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
FDA probenecid-colchicine correspondence
McCormick etal., JAMA Internal Medicine,2021
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor. U.S. commercial launch 2009. Oral tablets pooled across brands/generics; lower sample sizes can leave blank-count years.
Generic:2019; U.S. launch confirmed by manufacturer and contemporaneous pharmacy bulletin.
Alembic July 29,2019 earnings call
OptumRx first-generic bulletin, July 3,2019
Uricosuric. U.S. commercial launch October 2016; sales discontinued February 2019 for business reasons. Used with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, but separately filled medicines are not a fixed combination. No carry-forward beyond 2019.
Brand-only during the U.S. commercial episode; no generic launch identified. Sales discontinued February 2019 for business reasons; no current availability implied.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Ironwood 2018 second-quarter Form 10-Q
Arthritis Foundation: Two gout drugs removed
Zurampic current regulatory availability compilation
Uricosuric. Oral single ingredient. Antibiotic-adjunct use can contribute; all fills are not necessarily for gout. Fixed colchicine combination counted separately.
Generic: first U.S. commercial year unresolved; later supplier approvals do not establish first availability.
Searched historical generic suppliers and Lannett 2006 records. Existing 2005 sales and later approval found; no first-generic shipment evidence. Continue earlier supplier/wholesaler archives.
Uricosuric. Historical U.S. uricosuric; both brand and generics discontinued. No supported annual count or exact last sale year established. Catalog only, not a claim of current availability.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved; both brand and generics later discontinued.
Searched Anturane/generic historical sources. Confirmed discontinued ingredient, but neither first generic shipment nor exact final commercial exit year established. Brand NDAwithdrawal alone is insufficient. No annual bar or continuation invented.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral replacement, antithyroid and stable-iodide products. All indications pooled; iodide expectorant use can contribute. Extracts and fixed synthetic T4/T3 are distinct. No injections or radioiodine. Historical catalog entries do not imply current availability. MEPS 1996–2024 with supported ~2025–26 projections. Missing years creep between supported anchors; unsupported tails retain relative size with blank counts. Liothyronine oral generic entry2009 is verified. Older levothyroxine generic dates are unresolved; capsule2020 is a separate formulation. Liotrix stops after2018. Extract brand recalls do not imply ingredient withdrawal; NP Thyroid remains available in2026. Unresolved earliest dates remain explicit.
Stable iodide. Oral prescription strong iodine solution, distinct from single-ingredient potassium iodide. Topical antiseptics and reagents excluded. Sparse/unknown counts are not zero.
Generic: earliest U.S. prescription oral Lugol solution availability unresolved.
Long-standing formula and current unapproved-product listing do not establish first U.S. nonproprietary commercial sale. Oral prescription formulation only; topical/reagent products excluded; no component date transferred.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
DailyMed Strong Iodine Solution oral label
T4 replacement. Oral T4 tablets, capsules and solutions pooled across brands/generics and indications, including TSH suppression. Conventional generics predate modern approvals; softgel generic2020 is formulation-specific. IV excluded.
Generic: earliest conventional-tablet year unresolved; generics existed by1980. Tirosint softgel authorized generic launched2020.
Researched early generic reports, FDA transition and supplier launches. Modern2002/2004 approvals and2020supplier events are not earliest historical tablet launch. Oral solution first generic year remains unresolved; no pooled dollar marker inferred.
Stoffer and Szpunar, JAMA 1980: potency of brand and generic levothyroxine
FDA levothyroxine regulatory history
Lannett November 3, 2020 authorized generic capsule launch
Lannett August 3, 2020 tablet supplier launch
T3 replacement. Oral T3 across brands/generics and indications. Conventional tablets only; injections and explicitly compounded preparations excluded. Generic availability2009 is supported by actual shipments.
Generic:2009; Paddock availability byMay and Mylan shipments inJuly verified.
Mylan July 16, 2009 commercial shipment announcement
Ross et al. thyroid dispensing study, JCEM 2019
Paddock May 2009 availability announcement reported in Pharmacy Times
T4/T3 combination. Fixed synthetic T4/T3 tablets counted once, separately from extracts or separately dispensed T4 and T3. All Thyrolar presentations discontinued September2018; no carry-forward after2018. All strengths were on long-term backorder byMay2012; exact supply intervals unresolved. Catalog only, not continuous availability.
No commercial generic liotrix identified; Thyrolar discontinued September2018. Component generic dates do not transfer.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Ross et al. thyroid dispensing study, JCEM 2019
ASHP liotrix shortage/discontinuation record
Forest manufacturer notice, May18,2012, hosted by MedlinePlus
Antithyroid. Human oral antithyroid tablets. Historical Tapazole label is representative; brand discontinuation did not remove generic methimazole. Veterinary products excluded.
Generic: earliest U.S. human-tablet commercial year unresolved; actual generic sales confirmed by2009.
Searched Par/PRI historical launch and FDA records. Later supplier2024launch and veterinary first-generic2024/2025 announcements are not human first entry. Continue archival first shipments; do not assume brand-only before a sales bound.
Upsher-Smith March29,2024 methimazole launch
Stable iodide. Stable oral iodide has short-term antithyroid use, but expectorant and other indications can contribute. These are all-indication prescription fills. Explicit OTC emergency-iodide brands excluded; no radioiodine.
Generic: earliest U.S. prescription oral-solution availability unresolved. OTC radiation-protection tablet dates do not transfer.
Searched SSKI/Pima early sales and later generic entries. SSKI brand development and OTC emergency-iodide approvals are different histories. Do not infer a first generic year from current labels. All indications pooled.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Antithyroid. Human oral antithyroid tablets pooled across suppliers. All-indication pharmacy fills; early first generic year remains unresolved.
Generic: earliest U.S. oral commercial year unresolved.
Searched early Roxane/West-Ward/Watson product and generic commercialization histories. Old approval/listing dates and current labels do not establish earliest shipment. Continue supplier archives; no invented year or brand-only interval.
DailyMed propylthiouracil oral tablets
Thyroid extract. Animal-derived extracts pooled across brands, separately from synthetic hormones.2020Nature-Throid/WP recalls and2021NP lot recalls did not remove the entire ingredient. NP Thyroid remains available in2026; no invented regulatory-deadline withdrawal.
Generic: earliest nonproprietary extract year unresolved. Unapproved extracts are not FDA-approved interchangeable generics; no brand-only marker inferred.
Reviewed historical extract/generic reports, current FDA position and manufacturer supply/recalls. No verified first commercial generic-equivalent year. Pool extracts separately from synthetic T4/T3; brand recalls do not remove the entire pooled ingredient.
FDA thyroid medication update, August 6, 2026
Acella NP Thyroid product update, August 10, 2026
RLC Nature-Throid/WP Thyroid recall September2020
Acella NP Thyroid recall April2021
Stoffer and Szpunar, JAMA 1980: potency of brand and generic levothyroxine
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Symptomatic cognitive therapies, oral and prescription patch forms. All indications pooled; fixed combination and benzgalantamine are distinct. No disease-modifying antibodies or agitation-only treatments. Household pharmacy fills exclude institutionalized nursing-home residents. MEPS1996–2024 with supported ~2025–26 projections. Five verified generic entry years; tacrine historical generic status remains unknown. Formulation-specific dates differ. Tacrine stops after2013. Adlarity brand discontinuation does not remove oral donepezil. Benzgalantamine launched2025; its annual count is unknown.
Cholinesterase inhibitor. All-indication pharmacy fills; no dementia-specific indication attribution. Distinct galantamine prodrug launchedMarch19,2025. No supported annual outpatient Rx count; launch/revenue/prescriber figures are not national prescription totals. Long-term-care use is outside the MEPS household target population.
Brand only through2026; Zunveyl launchedMarch19,2025. Galantamine generic dates do not transfer.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Alpha Cognition commercial launch of Zunveyl
Zunveyl generic availability September10,2026
Cholinesterase inhibitor. All-indication pharmacy fills; no dementia-specific indication attribution. U.S. launch1997. Oral strengths/forms pooled; Adlarity patch launchedSeptember2022 and is now discontinued, with exact exit date unresolved. That brand exit does not remove oral donepezil.
Generic:2010 oral5/10mg;23mg2013. ODT first shipment unresolved; patch date differs.
Ranbaxy launches donepezil 5/10mg tablets, November 30, 2010
Eisai/Pfizer ARICEPT announcement
Corium launches ADLARITY September2022
Fixed combination. All-indication pharmacy fills; no dementia-specific indication attribution. Fixed combination launchedMay2015. Count once per combination fill; never add the same fill to component bars. Generic launchedJanuary2025.
Generic:2025 fixed combination;14/10and28/10mg actual launchJanuary23. Component dates do not transfer.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
Amneal January23,2025approval and actual launch
Cholinesterase inhibitor. All-indication pharmacy fills; no dementia-specific indication attribution. Reminyl/Razadyne and generic oral formulations pooled. Name change does not create a new drug. Benzgalantamine prodrug remains a distinct entity.
Generic:2008 tablets and ERcapsules; oral solution2009.
Roxane galantamine oral solution commercial launch
NMDA antagonist. All-indication pharmacy fills; no dementia-specific indication attribution. Oral immediate/extended-release and solution forms pooled. Stocking beganDecember2003; nationwide availabilityJanuary2004. Generic tablets2015 and ERcapsules2018 differ.
Generic:2015IRtablets;2018ERcapsules. Liquid2015launch lead retained, full notice unresolved.
Dr Reddy memantine commercial launch SEC exhibit
Amneal launches generic NamendaXR
Optum first generic Namenda oral solution notice
Cholinesterase inhibitor. All-indication pharmacy fills; no dementia-specific indication attribution. Oral and transdermal dispensing pooled, including Parkinson disease dementia use. Generic capsules2010 and patches2015 differ.
Generic:2010 capsules;2015patch. Ingredient pooling does not imply identical formulation availability.
Watson commences generic Exelon capsule shipments
Alvogen first generic Exelon patch launch
Cholinesterase inhibitor. All-indication pharmacy fills; no dementia-specific indication attribution. Historical cholinesterase inhibitor. Manufacturer discontinued2013 after hepatotoxicity concerns and replacement by alternatives. No post2013carry-forward; precise final stock exhaustion unknown.
Generic: historical U.S. commercial availability unresolved; Cognex discontinued2013.
Targeted generic/brand/withdrawal search found no verified commercial generic launch; generic-name headings and conditional generic boilerplate are not evidence. No year or brand-only marker invented.
Catalog only: annual prescription count unknown, not zero.
National Capital Poison Center:Tacrine
Cognex archived prescribing information
Civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. pharmacy fills. Numeric labels require at least 30 sampled people and approximate RSE≤30%; ~labels at least 15 and RSE≤30%; blank labels at least 10 and RSE≤50%. Other cells stay unknown. Approximate domain variance uses the positive-weight pharmacy-event PSU universe, not the full household design. Missing survey years interpolate gradually between surrounding supported anchors. With no later anchor, retain last known relative size and withhold the count. Verified market exits/windows still apply. Numeric-quality 2024 bases (at least 15 people, RSE≤30%) qualify for projections: 2022–24 growth clipped to −20%/+35%, damped 75% then 50%; an unreliable 2022 base gives flat carry-forward. Only numeric-quality 2024 bases qualify; sparse or ordinal-only cells are not extrapolated. No defensible pre-1996 comparative series established.
These household-survey estimates do not represent all U.S. dispensing. No sales dollars, physician mentions or payer-subset volumes are converted into national prescription counts. Newer therapies may be absent because public ingredient identities are masked or samples are sparse. Historical and newer low-sample entries may remain catalog-only; a catalog entry does not claim current availability.
Dollar markers follow verified first generic commercial availability for the specified formulation. Different strengths, schedules and routes can have different generic histories; component dates do not apply to fixed combinations. Unresolved first years have no invented marker. Catalog-only products do not imply current availability.
Oral receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine-kinase medicines, including JAK/TYK2 immune treatments and nintedanib for pulmonary fibrosis. All indications; no topical, injected or antibody therapies. Pure serine/threonine-kinase inhibitors excluded. The FAK-containing co-pack is counted once.
76 catalog entries; 63 have Medicare Part D ranking histories. Up to16 bars show approximate relative positions within this payer subset. All national prescription counts remain unknown and blank; ~years identify the ordinal display. No defensible comparative national history established before2012. Public MEPS ingredient identities provide no usable candidate observations. Missing or suppressed entries are not zero.
CMS2012–2024 claims, Overall manufacturer records only, plus historical aggregate sheets. Oral ruxolitinib uses JAKAFI only. The common visual factor from the approved oral-cancer model cancels in this graph’s relative ranks and widths. No payer counts are relabeled as national totals. Interpolate between observed anchors; hold last relative size in2025–26, not a prescription forecast. Market exits override. Medicare age mix and PartB coverage limit comparisons. This is not a measured U.S. top16.
Dollar markers follow actual generic entry for specified formulations; brand-only status is dated and its remainder-of2026 continuation is an assumption. Unresolved launches remain unknown. Formulation-specific dates do not transfer to other strengths, delivery forms or combinations.
JAK / TYK2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Aug 13, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
BTK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: commercial availability year unresolved. FDA2026 approval found; no verified actual U.S. launch located.
Targeted launch research performed; no invented year or brand-only assumption.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
ALK / ROS1 / TRK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
ABL inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Catalog only: annual count unknown, not zero. Approval alone does not establish commercial availability. Distinct approved co-pack containing a FAK inhibitor and a MEK inhibitor; one dispensed co-pack, no duplicate component counts. Generic availability and commercial date unresolved.
Generic: U.S. commercial availability unresolved; no year or brand-only marker inferred.
unresolved; approval, patent expiry and expected launch are not actual availability.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
VEGFR / multikinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
JAK / TYK2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: U.S. commercial availability unresolved; no year or brand-only marker inferred.
approval_only; approval, patent expiry and expected launch are not actual availability.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
ABL inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: 2026 — 400mg tablets. Actual400mg launch June13,2026; other strengths remain unresolved, not assigned this date.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
JAK / TYK2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Catalog only: annual count unknown, not zero. Approval alone does not establish commercial availability.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
ALK / ROS1 / TRK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
VEGFR / multikinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Targeted actual U.S. generic launch search performed October23,2026; no usable primary commercial confirmation found. No patent/approval date substituted.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
ALK / ROS1 / TRK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
ALK / ROS1 / TRK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Targeted actual U.S. generic launch search performed October23,2026; no usable primary commercial confirmation found. No patent/approval date substituted.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
ABL inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: 2024 — Sprycel-equivalent tablets. Apotex announced first generic launch September4,2024.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
JAK / TYK2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
JAK / TYK2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Catalog only: annual count unknown, not zero. Approval alone does not establish commercial availability. Leqselvi launched July14,2025 after a litigation delay following2024 approval. No prelaunch bar or invented volume.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
ALK / ROS1 / TRK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Catalog only: annual count unknown, not zero. Approval alone does not establish commercial availability.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
ALK / ROS1 / TRK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Aug 13, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: 2019 — 100/150mg tablets;25mg history separate. Teva announced US launch May9,2019.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
JAK / TYK2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: U.S. commercial availability unresolved; no year or brand-only marker inferred.
approval_only; approval, patent expiry and expected launch are not actual availability.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
VEGFR / multikinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Aug 13, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast. Iressa access was restricted from2005; approval withdrawn2012 and reapproved2015. Existing-patient access continued; early Part D records do not imply unrestricted market access.
Generic: 2023 — 250mg tablets. Manufacturer reports first U.S. commercial generic sales May3,2023. Primary indexed text verified; direct open returned403.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
BTK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: earliest U.S. commercial year unresolved. Approval or a stopped brand is not proof of launch or ingredient withdrawal.
Targeted actual U.S. generic launch search performed October23,2026; no usable primary commercial confirmation found. No patent/approval date substituted.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
ABL inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: 2016 — Gleevec-equivalent tablets. Reproduced Sun announcement: first generic commercially launched February1,2016.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Catalog only: annual count unknown, not zero. Approval alone does not establish commercial availability. Truseltiq accelerated approval withdrawn May16,2024. Partial2024 retained; no2025/2026 carry-forward. Approval withdrawal is distinct from a precise last-pharmacy-sale date. Initial sales documented in2021Q2. Exact final pharmacy-sale date unresolved; no continuous-supply claim.
Generic: U.S. commercial availability unresolved; no year or brand-only marker inferred.
discontinued; approval, patent expiry and expected launch are not actual availability.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
FDA withdrawn cancer accelerated approvals
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: 2020 — 250mg tablets. September30,2020 filing confirms actual U.S. launch by Lupin, not only ANDA approval.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
ALK / ROS1 / TRK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
VEGFR / multikinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Catalog only: annual count unknown, not zero. Approval alone does not establish commercial availability.
Generic: U.S. commercial availability unresolved; no year or brand-only marker inferred.
unresolved; approval, patent expiry and expected launch are not actual availability.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
ALK / ROS1 / TRK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: commercial availability year unresolved. Lupin2024 approval does not establish launch.
Targeted launch research performed; no invented year or brand-only assumption.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast. Exkivity accelerated approval withdrawn July15,2024 after confirmatory benefit was not established. Partial2024 retained; no2025/2026 carry-forward.
Generic: U.S. commercial availability unresolved; no year or brand-only marker inferred.
discontinued; approval, patent expiry and expected launch are not actual availability.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
JAK / TYK2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
ABL inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: 2025 — Tasigna-equivalent capsules. Apotex launched May27,2025. Does not date Danziten reformulated tablets.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
VEGFR / multikinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast. Pulmonary-fibrosis treatment included because its therapeutic targets are tyrosine kinases; not a cancer-only graph.
Generic: commercial availability year unresolved. Cipla April3,2026 approval found; actual launch not established.
Targeted launch research performed; no invented year or brand-only assumption.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
JAK / TYK2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
VEGFR / multikinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: 2023 — Votrient-equivalent tablets. Teva reports pazopanib launch October2023; patent and approval dates are not substituted.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
BTK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
ABL inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast. Iclusig sales stopped October31,2013 after vascular safety concerns and resumed January17,2014. Annual2013/2014 claims represent partial availability; no whole-year gap inferred.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
ARIAD 2013 Form10-K: Iclusig marketing suspension and resumption
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Aug 13, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
VEGFR / multikinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
BTK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Catalog only: annual count unknown, not zero. Approval alone does not establish commercial availability.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
ALK / ROS1 / TRK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
BTK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Catalog only: annual count unknown, not zero. Approval alone does not establish commercial availability.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
JAK / TYK2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
JAK / TYK2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
VEGFR / multikinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: 2022 — 200mg tablets. Actual launch documented June14,2022; this verifies the commercial year, not the first supplier/day.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
VEGFR / multikinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: 2021 — 12.5/25/37.5/50mg capsules. Teva reports actual U.S. capsule launch December2021; identifies year, not earliest supplier/day.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Catalog only: annual count unknown, not zero. Approval alone does not establish commercial availability.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
ALK / ROS1 / TRK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Catalog only: annual count unknown, not zero. Approval alone does not establish commercial availability.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
VEGFR / multikinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
JAK / TYK2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
Generic: 2026 — immediate-release tablets and oral solution. Immediate-release tablets launched June4,2026; Hikma oral solution June3. XR first commercial date remains unresolved; no date transferred to XR.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
JAK / TYK2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
VEGFR / multikinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Other tyrosine kinase. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Catalog only: annual count unknown, not zero. Approval alone does not establish commercial availability.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
BTK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Medicare Part D relative-ranking proxy; national count unknown. Age mix and benefit coverage limit comparisons. Relative size held after the last observed year, with blank count; not a2025–26 prescription forecast.
No generic approved for listed oral formulation as of Sep 10, 2026.; remainder of2026 assumes no change. No future launch year inferred.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
Reproducible supplemental rank model
ALK / ROS1 / TRK inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Catalog only: annual count unknown, not zero. Approval alone does not establish commercial availability.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Aug 13, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors. Oral outpatient medicines with therapeutic tyrosine-kinase targets; all indications. Brands and strengths pooled. Catalog only: annual count unknown, not zero. Approval alone does not establish commercial availability.
No generic approved for the listed oral product as of Sep 10, 2026. Remainder of2026 assumes unchanged status.
AHRQ MEPS prescribed medicines
BRIMR protein kinase target classification, October 5, 2026
CMS Medicare Part D Spending by Drug, annual 2012–2024 claims
CMS methodology: covered population, route aggregation and suppression