Didanosine — Older HIV nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; pancreatitis, neuropathy, and mitochondrial toxicity limit its usefulness.
Doravirine — NNRTI with a cleaner lipid and CNS profile than efavirenz.
Efavirenz — Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; vivid dreams and neuropsychiatric effects.
Emtricitabine — Well-tolerated NRTI forming a backbone of HIV treatment and prevention regimens.
Entecavir — Potent hepatitis B nucleoside analog with a high barrier to resistance.
Etravirine — Second-generation NNRTI retaining activity against common resistance mutations.
Islatravir — HIV nucleoside reverse-transcriptase translocation inhibitor; coformulated with doravirine for selected virologically suppressed adults.
Lamivudine — Well-tolerated NRTI active against both HIV and hepatitis B.
Nevirapine — Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; rash and hepatotoxicity.
Rilpivirine — NNRTI requiring a meal and normal gastric acid for absorption.
Tenofovir — Nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; a backbone of HIV and PrEP therapy.
Tenofovir alafenamide — Cell-targeted tenofovir prodrug for HIV or hepatitis B; lower plasma tenofovir exposure generally reduces renal and bone toxicity versus TDF.
Zidovudine — Older HIV nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; useful in selected perinatal settings, but anemia and mitochondrial toxicity limit routine use.